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Medical Terminology > MT Ch. 7-Respiratory > Flashcards

MT Ch. 7-Respiratory Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What structures comprise the respiratory system?

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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2
Q

Three parts of the process of respiration

A

ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration

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3
Q

ventilation

A

flow of air between outside environment and lungs

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4
Q

inhalation

A

flow of air into lungs, brings oxygen in

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5
Q

exhalation

A

flow of air out of lungs, removes carbon dioxide from body

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6
Q

external respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that takes place in the lungs. oxygen enters bloodstream from lungs, carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream and enters lungs

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7
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level. oxygen leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to tissues, and carbon dioxide (formed from metabolism) enters bloodstream from tissues and is transported back to lungs

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8
Q

nares

A

two external openings in nose where air enters

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9
Q

nasal septum

A

cartilaginous plate that divides the nasal cavity in half

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10
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth; separates nasal cavity from the mouth

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11
Q

mucous membrane

A

covers walls of nasal cavity, nasal septum, and most of the respiratory tract. secretes mucus

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12
Q

mucus

A

sticky fluid secreted by mucous membrane that traps dust and bacteria in the air and moisturizes inhaled air

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13
Q

cilia

A

very small hairs that line the opening of the nose and much of the airways. filter out large dirt particles before they can enter the lungs

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14
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air filled cavities located within the facial bones. give resonance to voice during sound production

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15
Q

three parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx (upper), oropharynx (middle), laryngopharynx (lower)

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16
Q

function of tonsils

A

keep pathogens from entering the body

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17
Q

adenoids/pharyngeal tonsils

A

located in nasopharynx behind the nose

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18
Q

palatine tonsils

A

located in oropharynx behind the mouth

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19
Q

lingual tonsils

A

located in oropharynx behind the mouth

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20
Q

eustachian tube

A

auditory tube, opening found in nasopharynx. the other end is in the middle ear. it opens to equalize air pressure between the middle ear and outside

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21
Q

vocal cords

A

located in the larynx. folds of membranous tissue that produce sound by vibrating as air passes through the glottis

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22
Q

glottis

A

opening between the two vocal cords

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23
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilaginous tissue above the glottis that keeps food and liquid from being inhaled into the lungs

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24
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

one of the cartilages that lines the walls of the larynx. forms the adam’s apple. larger in males and helps produce deeper voice

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25
Q

larynx

A

located between pharynx and trachea

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26
Q

trachea

A

passageway for air that extends from pharynx and larynx down to main bronchi

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27
Q

bronchus

A

tube that enters one of the lungs; left and right

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28
Q

bronchioles

A

narrowest branches of bronchi, end in a small group of air sacs

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29
Q

alveoli

A

small group of air sacs at the end of a bronchiole; 150 million in each lung

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30
Q

pulmonary capillaries

A

capillaries from the pulmonary blood vessels that encase the alveolus

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31
Q

respiratory membrane

A

walls of alveoli and capillaries. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveolus and blood in the capillaries takes place across this

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32
Q

lungs

A

total collection of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

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33
Q

pleura

A

double membrane that protects the lungs

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34
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer membrane around lungs which also lines the wall of the chest cavity

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35
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner membrane around lungs which sticks to the surface of the lungs

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36
Q

pleural cavity

A

sac around each lung

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37
Q

serous fluid

A

fluid between two layers of the pleura that reduces friction when the two layers rub together

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38
Q

lobes

A

divisions of the lungs. right lung contains 3 (right upper, right middle, and right lower) and left lung contains 2 (left upper and left lower)

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39
Q

apex

A

pointed superior portion of the lung

40
Q

base

A

broader lower portion of the lung

41
Q

hilum

A

area along the medial border of lungs where entry of structures like the bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, and nerves occur

42
Q

mediastinum

A

area between the lungs. contains heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus gland, and trachea

43
Q

respiratory therapists

A

conduct pulmonary function tests to help determine the functioning level of the respiratory system

44
Q

pulmonary function test

A

measuring the volume of air flowing in and out of the lungs to determine lung capacity

45
Q

diaphragm

A

separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity that contracts to decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs to equalize the pressure

46
Q

intercostal muscles

A

between the ribs; raise the ribcage to enlarge the thoracic cavity to make it easier for air to flow into the lungs

47
Q

vital signs

A

VS; respiration, pulse, temperature, skin color, blood pressure, reaction of pupils

48
Q

anosmia

A

lack of sense of smell

49
Q

anoxia

A

receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

50
Q

aphonia

A

being unable to produce sounds

51
Q

apnea

A

not breathing

52
Q

asphyxia

A

lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately

53
Q

aspiration

A

withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction

54
Q

bradypnea

A

breathing too slowly

55
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilated bronchus

56
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

57
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

abnormal breathing pattern where there are long periods of apnea followed by deeper, rapid breathing. named for a scottish physician and an irish surgeon

58
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency

59
Q

crackles

A

abnormal sound made during inspiration, usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airways

60
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

61
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

62
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

63
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

64
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

65
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest cavity

66
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide in the body

67
Q

hyperpnea

A

deep breaths

68
Q

hypocapnia

A

insufficient carbon dioxide levels

69
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

70
Q

hypoxemia

A

insufficient oxygen in bloodstream

71
Q

hypoxia

A

receiving insufficient oxygen from inhaled air

72
Q

laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of muscles controlling the larynx

73
Q

orthopnea

A

the patient only feels like they can breathe while sitting straight up

74
Q

patent

A

open or unblocked, such as a patent airway

75
Q

pleural rub

A

grating sound made when the two layers of the pleura rub together during respiration

76
Q

pleurodynia

A

pleural pain

77
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest cavity

78
Q

rhonchi

A

somewhat musical sound during expiration, often found in asthma or infection. aka wheezing

79
Q

sputum

A

phlegm or mucus coughed up through the mouth

80
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx. sound made in a crouping cough in children

81
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory condition in infants and children characterized by barking type of cough or stridor

82
Q

diphtheria

A

bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by formation of thick membranous film across throat and high mortality rate

83
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough. infectious bacterial disease of upper respiratory system

84
Q

asthma

A

disease caused by allergens that results in constriction of the bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing

85
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

malignant tumor originating in the bronchi

86
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia

87
Q

anthracosis

A

pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of coal dust in the lung. aka black lung or miners lung

88
Q

atelectasis

A

alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

89
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions where the lungs have decreased capacity

90
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary condition causing exocrine glands to malfunction and produce thick mucus that causes severe congestion within lungs and digestive system

91
Q

emphysema

A

destruction of walls of alveoli, resulting in fewer overexpanded air sacs. may not be able to breathe except in a sitting or standing position

92
Q

histoplasmosis

A

fungus found in dust and pigeon and chicken droppings that causes pulmonary infection

93
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting caused by a lack of surfactant necessary to keep lungs inflated

94
Q

Legionnaire’s disease

A

severe, often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage

95
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

less severe but longer lasting form of pneumonia

96
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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