MSK Session 7- Lower Limb Osteology And The Front And Medial Thigh Flashcards
What does the medial malleolus of the tibia articulate with?
The tarsal bones
How are the two ends of the tibia adapted for weight bearing?
They are wider than the shaft
Why are the deep veins and associated artery in the same vascular sheath?
So that arterial pulsations aid venous return.
Which muscle is the strongest hip flexor?
Iliopsoas
Where, by definition, is the hip?
Between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter of the femur.
Where, by definition, is the thigh?
Between the greater trochanter of the femur and the knee.
Where, by definition, is the leg?
Between the knee and the top of the foot.
What is the pelvic girdle composed of?
The sacrum and the right and left hip bones joined at the public symphysis.
What is the hip bone composed of?
The ilium, ischium and pubis.
What is the acetabulum?
It is the depression at which all 3 hip bones come together.
What is triradiate cartilage and where is it found?
It is found in the acetabulum and is cartilage between the three hip bones that doesn’t fully fuse until 20-25 years of age.
Which is more lateral, the tibia or fibula?
Fibula
What is the angle between the neck and the shaft of the femur and what is its purpose?
126 degrees
It is useful to allow a wide range of movement.
What is the greater trochanter site of attachment for?
Lateral rotators and abductors.
Where is the linea aspera?
On the posterior side of the femur running vertically down the shaft.
What do the conduces of the femur articulate with?
The tibia and patella.
What is the role of the femur when standing?
Transmits the weight from the tibia to the hip bone.
What can be a consequence of an intra capsular fracture of the femur?
Avascular necrosis because the medial femoral circumflex artery can become damaged.
What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
The patella ligament.
What do the 2 condyles of the tibia form?
The tibial plateau
What is the function of the fibula?
Attachment for leg muscles
Which malleolus is more prominent and where is it found?
Lateral
Found on the distal fibula
What are the two muscles collectively known as iliopsoas?
Iliacus
Psoas major
Name the muscles innervated by the femoral nerve
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Quadriceps femoris
Name the 4 quadriceps femoris muscles
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
What is the main function of the quads?
Extensor of the leg at the knee.
Which muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?
The medial thigh muscles
Name the 5 medial thigh muscles
Gracilis Obturator externus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor Magnus
What are the three borders of the femoral triangle?
Base- inguinal ligament
Lateral border- sartorius
Medial border- adductor longus
What are the contents of the femoral triangle? (Lat. to med.)
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Where does the obturator nerve enter the thigh?
Through the obturator foreamen
What does the sciatic nerve innervate?
The posterior thigh muscles
And the hamstring part of adductor Magnus
Where does the sciatic nerve enter the posterior thigh?
Through the greater sciatic foreamen
Which vein can be harvested for use in coronary bypass surgery?
Great saphenous vein
What are the main weight bearing bones in the lower limb when standing? (3)
Tibia, femur and calcaneus
