MSK Session 12- The Ankle Joint

Question 1

What are the three joint types in the foot?

Answer 1

• metatarsalphalangeal
• tarsometarsal
• intermetatarsal

Question 2

What is the function of the talus?

Answer 2

To transmit forces from the tibia to the calcaneus

Question 3

What is the function of the calcaneus?

Answer 3

To transmit the forces from the talus to the ground.

Question 4

What is the order of force transmission between the leg and foot?

Answer 4

Tibia->talus->calcaneum

Question 5

What are the three articulations of the talus?

Answer 5

• superior= ankle joint. Between the talus, tibia and fibula.
• inferior= subtalar joint. Between the talus and the calcaneus.
• anterior= talonavicular joint. Between the talus and navicular.

Question 6

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 6

Hinge type synovial joint

Question 7

What is the ankle joint also known as?

Answer 7

The talocrural joint

Question 8

What are the articulations of the ankle joint?

Answer 8

The talus, medial malleolus (lateral aspect), the lateral malleolus (medial aspect), the tibia and the fibula.

Question 9

Which aspect of the talus is wider?

Answer 9

The anterior aspect

Question 10

Which movement of the ankle joint is most stable and why?

Answer 10

Dorsiflexion because the anterior aspect of the talus is in the mortise completely.

Question 11

Which movement of the ankle joint is the least stable and why?

Answer 11

Plantar flexion, because the posterior aspect of the talus is in the mortise, but it is thinner.

Question 12

Which set of ligaments are the strongest?

Answer 12

Medial

Question 13

What are the three parts of the medial/deltoid ligament?

Answer 13

The posterior tibiotalar ligament
The tibionavicular ligament
The tibiocalcaneal ligament

Question 14

What is the function of the medial ligament?

Answer 14

Prevent overeversion of the foot

Question 15

What is the function of the lateral ligament?

Answer 15

Prevent over inversion of the foot

Question 16

What are the three parts to the lateral ligament?

Answer 16

Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calacnaeofibular ligament

Question 17

Which muscles produce planarflexion of the foot?

Answer 17

The posterior leg muscles

Question 18

Which muscles produce dorsiflexion of the foot?

Answer 18

The anterior leg muscles

Question 19

Which muscles produce inversion? (2)

Answer 19

Tibialis anterior and posterior

Question 20

Which muscles produce Eversion of the foot? (2)

Answer 20

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 21

What are the two movements of the ankle joint?

Answer 21

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 22

Which joints allow Eversion and inversion?

Answer 22

Subtalar, calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints

Question 23

What is Potts fracture-dislocation?

Answer 23

Bi or tri malleolar fracture produced by over eversion of the foot.
The forced Eversion pulls on the strong medial ligament to cause an Eversion of the medial malleolus. This causes the talus to be displaced laterally and break the lateral malleolus. The tibia is forced anteriorly and may become damaged at the distal posterior site.

Question 24

Which ligament is most at risk of irreversible damage due to an ankle sprain?

Answer 24

Anterior Talofibular ligament

Question 25

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Answer 25

Calaneous, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform and intermediate cuneiform.