MSK pathology Neoplastic 04/10/18 Flashcards
For large abnormalities what studies are used?
Karotyping
FISH
What is Karotyping and what does it show?
Culturing cells and then arresting cell division
Gives overview of chromosomal structure
Won’t detect small or subtle lesions
What is FISH used to detect?
Translocations
What is immunohistochemistry?
Cells produce certain proteins e..g. actin
We place a pigment on an antibody to the target protein
Any pigment staining left means the protein is present
Name 5 common benign lesions
Ganglion cyst Giant cell tumour Fibromatosis Fibrous cortical defect Fibrous dysplasia
What is a ganglion cyst and where are they found?
A Lump that is found peripherally and near a joint tendon
What is seen in the connective tissue of a ganglion cyst?
Degenerative cyst
What is seen histologically with a ganglion cyst?
Space with myxoid material
Secondary inflammatory materials
What are 4 types of superficial fibromatoses?
Dypuytren’s
Knuckle pads
Plantar
Penile - Peyronies
What is Dupuytren’s?
Contracture
Finger bending into palm
What patients are likely to get dupuytrens?
Males
~60 years old
Alcohol
What are the two classifications of deep fibromatosis?
Mesenteric
Pelvic
What are two giant cell tumours and where do they effect?
Pigmented villionodular synovitis - Large joints
Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath - digits
Are giant cell lesions benign or malignant?
Benign
What are the characteristics of GCTS?
Small nodules that are easily excised
What are the characteristics of PVNS?
More destructive
Can diffused in a joint space
Difficult to excise
Can recur
Where are angiolipomas found?
At the peripheries
What are the characteristics of an angiolipoma?
Vascular with firbrin thrombi
Painful subcutaneous lesion
What are the ANGEL lesions?
Angiolipoma Neuroma Glomus tumour Eccrine spiradenoma Cutaneous leiomyoma
What are Leiomyomas?
Smooth muscle tumour
One of the most common tumours in the body
What investigation is used for smooth muscle tumours?
IHC on Actin, Desmin and caldesmon
What are Rhabdomyomas
Benign skeletal muscle tumours
What are the three types of skeletal muscle tumour?
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcom
-childhood, GU tract, H&N, Deletion Xp11.15
Alveolar
-Young adults, many sites, PAX (t2:5)
Pleomorphic
-Rarest form, still old age groups, IHC, myogenin
What are two cartilagenous tumours?
Enchondroma
-Digits
Chondromyxoid fibroma
What is an osteoma?
benign bone tumour
What is an osteosarcoma and who gets them?
Malignant bone tumour that produces osteoid
Children :(
What are two types of uncertain origin sarcoma?
Ewing’s sarcoma
-Genetic
Synovial sarcoma
What is Ewings sarcoma and who does it affect?
Children and adolescents
Destructive rapidly growing malignant tumour
What is the most common group of adult malignancies?
Carcinoma
What are you looking for in sarcomoid carcinomas?
Dysplasia IHC Pluripotent stemcell malignancy? Can express any protien Actin +ve Epithelial markers
What is a pseudosarcoma/
Tissues undergoing repair appearing atypical
What are the characteristics of Nodular Fascitis?
Any age group Rapid growth Small ?History of trauma Chaotic appearance Haemorrhage Psuedocystic spaces Large atypical cells Mitoses
What is Myositis ossificans?
Reactive and small
Preceding trauma
On big musckes
Zonation
Name 5 other lesions
Herberdens nodes Buscchards nodes Gouty tophi Abscesses Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours
