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MSK lectures > MSK pathology Neoplastic 04/10/18 > Flashcards

MSK pathology Neoplastic 04/10/18 Flashcards

1
Q

For large abnormalities what studies are used?

A

Karotyping

FISH

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2
Q

What is Karotyping and what does it show?

A

Culturing cells and then arresting cell division
Gives overview of chromosomal structure
Won’t detect small or subtle lesions

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3
Q

What is FISH used to detect?

A

Translocations

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4
Q

What is immunohistochemistry?

A

Cells produce certain proteins e..g. actin
We place a pigment on an antibody to the target protein
Any pigment staining left means the protein is present

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5
Q

Name 5 common benign lesions

A 
Ganglion cyst
Giant cell tumour
Fibromatosis
Fibrous cortical defect
Fibrous dysplasia
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6
Q

What is a ganglion cyst and where are they found?

A

A Lump that is found peripherally and near a joint tendon

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7
Q

What is seen in the connective tissue of a ganglion cyst?

A

Degenerative cyst

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8
Q

What is seen histologically with a ganglion cyst?

A

Space with myxoid material

Secondary inflammatory materials

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9
Q

What are 4 types of superficial fibromatoses?

A

Dypuytren’s
Knuckle pads
Plantar
Penile - Peyronies

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10
Q

What is Dupuytren’s?

A

Contracture

Finger bending into palm

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11
Q

What patients are likely to get dupuytrens?

A

Males
~60 years old
Alcohol

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12
Q

What are the two classifications of deep fibromatosis?

A

Mesenteric

Pelvic

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13
Q

What are two giant cell tumours and where do they effect?

A

Pigmented villionodular synovitis - Large joints

Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath - digits

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14
Q

Are giant cell lesions benign or malignant?

A

Benign

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of GCTS?

A

Small nodules that are easily excised

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of PVNS?

A

More destructive
Can diffused in a joint space
Difficult to excise
Can recur

17
Q

Where are angiolipomas found?

A

At the peripheries

18
Q

What are the characteristics of an angiolipoma?

A

Vascular with firbrin thrombi

Painful subcutaneous lesion

19
Q

What are the ANGEL lesions?

A 
Angiolipoma
Neuroma
Glomus tumour
Eccrine spiradenoma
Cutaneous leiomyoma
20
Q

What are Leiomyomas?

A

Smooth muscle tumour

One of the most common tumours in the body

21
Q

What investigation is used for smooth muscle tumours?

A

IHC on Actin, Desmin and caldesmon

22
Q

What are Rhabdomyomas

A

Benign skeletal muscle tumours

23
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle tumour?

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcom
-childhood, GU tract, H&N, Deletion Xp11.15
Alveolar
-Young adults, many sites, PAX (t2:5)
Pleomorphic
-Rarest form, still old age groups, IHC, myogenin

24
Q

What are two cartilagenous tumours?

A

Enchondroma
-Digits
Chondromyxoid fibroma

25
Q

What is an osteoma?

A

benign bone tumour

26
Q

What is an osteosarcoma and who gets them?

A

Malignant bone tumour that produces osteoid

Children :(

27
Q

What are two types of uncertain origin sarcoma?

A

Ewing’s sarcoma
-Genetic
Synovial sarcoma

28
Q

What is Ewings sarcoma and who does it affect?

A

Children and adolescents

Destructive rapidly growing malignant tumour

29
Q

What is the most common group of adult malignancies?

A

Carcinoma

30
Q

What are you looking for in sarcomoid carcinomas?

A 
Dysplasia
IHC
Pluripotent stemcell malignancy?
Can express any protien
Actin +ve
Epithelial markers
31
Q

What is a pseudosarcoma/

A

Tissues undergoing repair appearing atypical

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Nodular Fascitis?

A 
Any age group
Rapid growth
Small
?History of trauma
Chaotic appearance
Haemorrhage
Psuedocystic spaces
Large atypical cells
Mitoses
33
Q

What is Myositis ossificans?

A

Reactive and small
Preceding trauma
On big musckes
Zonation

34
Q

Name 5 other lesions

A 
Herberdens nodes
Buscchards nodes
Gouty tophi
Abscesses
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours

MSK lectures (50 decks)

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