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MSK lectures > Clinical anatomy of the upper limb - 29/10/18 > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy of the upper limb - 29/10/18 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bony anatomy points of the upper limb?

A 
Shoulder girdle
humerus
Elbow joint
Radius
Ulna
Wrist
Carpus
Hand
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2
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

A 
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral
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3
Q

What keeps the clavicle and scapula in line and prevents sprung shoulder?

A

The coracoclavicular ligaments

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4
Q

What muscles move the shoulder girdle?

A

Trapezius

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the trapezius?

A

Origin - spinous process

Insertions - occiput, spine of scapula

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6
Q

What is the function of the trapezius?

A

Elevates and depresses scapula

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7
Q

What 3 things are the gleno-humeral joint susceptible to?

A

OA/RA
Dislocation
Adhsive capsulitis

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8
Q

What is the function of the labrum?

A

Increases capture of the humeral head (increases stability)

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9
Q

What is the labrum susceptible to?

A

Labral tears

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10
Q

What are two types of labral tears?

A 
SLAP tear (throwing)
Bankart lesion
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11
Q

What are the 2 functions of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stabilise the shoulder girdle

Move the arm

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12
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles/

A

Supraspinatous
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the supraspinatous muscle?

A

O - supraspinous fossa
I - Greater tuberosity of humerus
In - Suprascapular nerve
F - Abducts arm

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the infraspinatous muscle?

A

O - Infraspinous fossa
I - Greater tuberosity of humerus
In - Suprascapular nerve
F - Externally rotates the arm

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the Teres minor muscle?

A

O - Dorsal surface of the lateral scapula border
I - Greater tuberosity of humerus
In - Axillary n
F - Externally rotates the arm

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the subscapularis muscle?

A

O - anterior surface of scapula
I - Lesser tuberosity of humerus
In - Upper and lower subscapular n
F - Internally rotates the arm

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17
Q

What 2 things are the rotator cuff muscle susceptible to?

A

Tears

Impingement

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the deltoid muscle?

A

O - Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
I - Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus
In - Axillary nerve
F - Abducts the arm

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the biceps brachii?

A

O - Short - Coracoid process, Long - Labrum/ Glenoid
I - Tuberosity of radius
In - Musculocutaneous n
F - flexes elbow, supinates forearm

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20
Q

What is the biceps brachii susceptible to?

A

Tendonitis

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21
Q

Which is always lateral, radial or ulnar head?

A

Radial

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22
Q

What is the elbow joint susceptible to?

A

OA/RA
Elbow dislocation
Olecranon fracture

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23
Q

What is the most common way of the elbow dislocating?

A

Ulna moves posteriorly

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24
Q

What is the supracondylar region?

A

Area above the medial and lateral epicondyles

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25
Q

What is the supracondylar region susceptible to, and in what patients?

A

Fractures

Children

26
Q

What is the olecranon bursa susceptible to and where is it?

A

Bursitis

Over the olecranon

27
Q

What are the three ligaments of the elbow?

A

Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Annular ligaments

28
Q

What are the elbow ligaments susceptible to?

A

Strains and tears

29
Q

What is the lateral epicondyles the sit of insertion for?

A

All the extensor muscles of the forearm

30
Q

What is the lateral epicondyle susceptible to?

A

Enthesiopathies

lateral epicondylitis

31
Q

Where do all the flexor muscles of the forearm insert?

A

Medial epicondyle

32
Q

Where is the radial head?

A

At the elbow

33
Q

Where is the ulnar head?

A

At the wrist

34
Q

What are the bones of the hand?

A 
Some - Scaphoid
Lovers - Lunate
Try - Triquetrum
Postions - Pisiform
That - Trapezium
They - Trapeziod
Cannot - Capitate
Handle - Hamate
35
Q

What are the ligaments of the hand/wrist?

A

Scaphoid lunate ligament

Luno-triquetral ligament

36
Q

What are the wrist joints susceptible to?

A

PA/RA
Fractures
dislocations

37
Q

What is a Colly’s Fracture?

A

Extra articular
Dorsally displaced
Shortened bone
Dinner Fork deformity

38
Q

What is the blood supply of the scaphoid?

A

Retrograde blood supply

39
Q

Which fracture in the scaphoid is more likely to heal, proximal or distal?

A

Distal

40
Q

What are the five types of bone in the hand?

A 
Carpal
Metacarpals
Proximal phalanges
Intermediate phalages
Distal phalanges
41
Q

How is the scaphoid bone examined?

A

Ulnar deviate
Feel in Anatomical snuff box
-extensor policus longus
-Abductor policus longus

42
Q

Which bone is the thumb missing?

A

Intermediate phalanges

43
Q

What are the two types of muscles in the hand?

A

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

44
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles and what are they responsible for?

A

IN the hand

Fine motor functions

45
Q

Where are the extrinsic muscles and what are they responsible for?

A

Anterior and Posterior compartments of the forearm
Finger flexion
Extention
Movements of the wrist

46
Q

What are the thenar muscles, what do they do and how are they innervated?

A 
Move the thumb
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicus brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Median nerve
47
Q

What are the Hypothenar muscles, what do they do and how are they innervated?

A

Move the little finger
Abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve

48
Q

What are the interossei muscles, what do they do and how are they innervated?

A 
Move the fingers
All flex @ MCPJs and extend @ IPJs
Ulnar nerve
Dorsal interossei (abduct)
Palmar interossei (adduct)
49
Q

What are the Lumbrical muscles, what do they do and how are they innervated?

A 
One for each finger
Crucial
Link extensor and flexor tendons
Lateral x 2 Median
Medial x2 ulnar
50
Q

What are the flexor tendons, what do they do and how are they innervated?

A 
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor muscle of fingers
Flexes fingers at PIPs
Median NErve
Flexor digitorum profundus
Extrinsic flexor of fingers
Flexes fingers at DIPJs
Median nerve - digits 2 and 3 
Ulnar nerve - digits 4 and 5
51
Q

What are the flexor pulleys and what do they do?

A 
Annular ligaments 
A2 and A4
- prevent bowstring
A1,A3,A5 - overlie the MP, PIP and SIP
A1 pulley - trigger finger
Cruciate pulleuys - prevent sheath collapse
52
Q

What is the function of the plantar fascia and whaat is it susceptible to?

A

Separates the palmar muscles and flexor tensons from the skin
Susceptible to hypertrophy and fibrosis

53
Q

What does each digit have for blood supply?

A

Ulnar and radial artery

54
Q

What are the three peripheral nerves of the hand and what do they supply?

A 
Median
Ulnar
Radial
Diagram xo
Cutaneous sensation
Extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of hand
55
Q

What does the median nerve supply and how is it tested?

A 
Flexors of forearm
LOAF muscles
Abductor pollicis brevis
Radial 31/2 digits
Tip index finger and base of thenar muscels
56
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply and how is it tested?

A

Small muscles of the hand intrinsics
Abductor digit minimi
Ulnar 1 1/2 digits
Dorsum and volar little finger

57
Q

What does the radial nerve supply and how is it tested?

A 
Extensors of forearm
Externsor digitorum commiunis
Extensor indicis
Variable portion of dorsum of hand
Dorsum of 1st web space
58
Q

Where does cubital tunnel syndrome affect and what is the characteristics of it?

A

Elbow
The ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle
It then enters an arch formed by the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris
Underneath arcuate ligament

59
Q

Where does carpal tunnel syndrome affect and what is the characteristics of it?

A

Median nerve
Boundaries are carpal bones
Flecor retinaculum/ transverse carpal ligament

60
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

Netwrk f ventral rami of the lower four cervical nerves

Proceeds through neck axilla and into arm

61
Q

What is the acronym for the brachial plexus?

A 
Real - Roots
Texans - Trunks
Drink - DIvisions
Cold - Cords
Beer - Branches

MSK lectures (50 decks)

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