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MSK lectures > Clinical anatomy of the lower limb - 22/10/18 > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy of the lower limb - 22/10/18 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic bony anatomy points of the lower limb?

A 
Pelvis
-Hip Joint 
Femur
Knee Joint
Tibia/Fibula
Ankle joint
Foot 
-Hindfoot
-Midfoot
-Forefoot
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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

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3
Q

What are the three compartments of the knee joint?

A

Medial
Lateral
Patellofemoral

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4
Q

what are the bones of the hindfoot?

A

Calcaneus

Talus

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5
Q

What are the bones of the midfoot?

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuniforms

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6
Q

What are bones of the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals

Phalanges

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7
Q

What is the main blood supply to the femoral head?

A

Medial femoral circumflex artery

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8
Q

Which fractures will be replaced, intra or extracapsular?

A

Intra

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9
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

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10
Q

Where does the iliacus orginate?

A

Iliac crest

Inner aspect of ilium

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11
Q

Where does iliacus insert?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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12
Q

Where does psoas major originate?

A

Transverse processes L1-L5

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13
Q

Where does the psoas major insert?

A

Lesser trochanter

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14
Q

What may be a differental in an infection around the hip where patients dont like to flex their hip?

A

Psoas abscess

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15
Q

What are the 2 secondary hip flexors?

A

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

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16
Q

What is the origon of the rectus femoris?

A

AIIS

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17
Q

Where does the rectus femoris insert?

A

Tibia via patella tendon

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18
Q

Where does the sartorius orginate?

A

ASIS

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19
Q

Where does the sartorius insert?

A

Tibia

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20
Q

What is the second function of the sartorius?

A

External rotation of him

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21
Q

What are the 5 hip adductors?

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
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22
Q

What is the common origin of the hip adductors?

A

Inferior pubic rami

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23
Q

What are the insertions of the hip adductors?

A

Linea aspera
Pectineal line (P)
Tibia (G)

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24
Q

What are the clinical issues associated with hip adductors?

A

Adductor tendinopathy
Osteitis pubis
Spascitiy

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25
Q

What are the 3 hip abductors?

A

Gluteus minimus/gluteus medius

Tensor fascia lata

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26
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A

Iliac wing

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27
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus insert?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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28
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata originate?

A

Iliac crest

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29
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata insert?

A

Lateral tibia via iliotibial tract

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30
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata insert?

A

Lateral tibia via iliotibial tract

31
Q

What is the main hip extensor?

A

Gluteus maximus

32
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus originate?

A

Posterior aspect of ilium/sacrum

33
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus/

A

Iliotibial tract

34
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

35
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris?

A

Long head - ischial tuberostiy

Short head - Linea aspera

36
Q

What is the insertion of biceps femoris?

A

Fibula head

37
Q

What is the origin of semimembranous?

A

Iscial tuberosity

38
Q

What is the insertion of semimembranous?

A

Posterior tibia

39
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

40
Q

What is the insertion of semitendinosus?

A

Medial tibia

41
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament run?

A

Medial epicondyle of femur

Tibial head

42
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament run?

A

lateral epicondyle of femur

Fibular head

43
Q

What does the ACL stop?

A

Resists anterior movement

44
Q

How do you remember ACL and PCL direction?

A

ACL -Hands in pockets

PCL - opposite

45
Q

What are the important functions of thee meniscus?

A

Load transfer
increase femero-tibial conformity
Stabilise the knee during movement
Lubricate the knee

46
Q

What are the two types of meniscal tears?

A

Radial (transverse)

Bucket handle

47
Q

What are the 4 quadriceps muscles and their origins?

A

Rectus femoris - AIIS
Vastus intermedius - ANterolateral proximal femur
Vastus medialis - Medial edge linea aspera greater trochanter
Vastus lateralis - medial edge linea aspera lesser trochanter

48
Q

What is the common insertion of the quadriceps muscles?

A

Tibia via patellar tendon

49
Q

What does a larger Q angle mean?

A

Predisposition to patellar instability

50
Q

What does a larger Q angle mean?

A

Predisposition to patellar instability

51
Q

What are factors that predispose to patellar instability?

A

Genu valgum
Femoral head anteversion
Weak quadriceps
Ligamentous laxity

52
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis Tertius

53
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis Longus

Fibularis brevis

54
Q

What are the muscles in the deep compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorus longus
Popliteus

55
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

56
Q

What nerves supply the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep Fibular nerve

Anterior tibial

57
Q

What nerves supply the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

58
Q

What nerves supply the deep compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

Posterior tibial vessels

59
Q

What nerves supply the superficial compartment of the leg?

A

Medial sural nerve

60
Q

Draw happy pirate diagram

A

:)

61
Q

Which is deep, fibularis brevis or longus?

A

Brevis

62
Q

What are the ankle plantar flexors and their origin?

A

Gastrocnemius - femoral condyles
Soleus - Broad area on posterior tibia/fibula
Plantaris - Lateral femoral condyle

63
Q

What is the common insertion of the ankle plantar flexors?

A

Calcaneus via achilles

64
Q

What is the main ankle dorsiflexor?

A

Tibialis anterior

65
Q

What is the origin of the TA?

A

Lateral surface proximal tibia

66
Q

What is the insertion of the TA?

A

Medial cuneiform base 1st metatarsal

67
Q

What are the medial and lateral ankle ligaments?

A

Medial - Deltoid ligament

Lateral - Lateral ligament complex

68
Q

What are the ligaments in the lateral ankle ligament complex?

A 
Posterior inferior tibifibular
Anterior inferior tibiofibular
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
69
Q

What is the supporting structures of the medial arch?

A

Tibialis postrior tendon
Spring ligament
-Calcaneonavicular ligament

70
Q

What is the origon of the tibialis posterior tendon?

A

Posterior proximal tibia/fibula

71
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior tendon?

A

Navicular/plantar surface of medial cuneiform

72
Q

What is the origin of the plantar fascia?

A

Tuberosity of calcaneus

73
Q

What is the insertion of the plantar fascia?

A

Heads of metatarsals

MSK lectures (50 decks)

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