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phase 4 > MSK passmed > Flashcards

MSK passmed Flashcards

1
Q

first line treatment for RA

A

DMARD and short course of steroids

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2
Q

side effects of bisphosphonate

A

heart burn, atypical stress fractures, hypocalcaemia, osteneocrosis of the jaw, oesophagitis

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3
Q

causes of carpal tunnel

A

pregnancy, RA, lunate fracture, oedema

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4
Q

what is a potts fratcure

A

bimalleolar fracture of right ankle

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5
Q

what is a bennets fracture

A

when punching someone, fracture on 1st carpometacarpal joint

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6
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

fall onto outstretched hand, transverse fracture of radius with dorsal displacement

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7
Q

what is a smiths fracture

A

falling backwards, garden spade deforming, solar angulation of distal radius

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8
Q

how to remember salter harris classification

A 
SALT C
straight 
above
lower
through
crush
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9
Q

investigation in cauda equina

A

MRI spine

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10
Q

symptoms of caudal equina

A

lower back pain
urinary incontinece/retention
reduced sensation in perianal area
decreased anal tone

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11
Q

what is feltys syndrome defined as

A

RA, splenomegaly, low WCC

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12
Q

side effects of long term steroid use

A

vascular necrosis of the head (osteopenia and micro fractures)

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13
Q

symptoms of spinal stenosis

A

gradual onset aching back pain, worse on walking and relieved sitting forwards

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14
Q

symptoms of enclosing spondilitis

A

young man with lower back pain and stiffness, improves with activity

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15
Q

symptoms of PAD

A

pain on walking, relieved by rest, absent foot pulses

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16
Q

investigation of achilles tendon rupture

A

US

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17
Q

management of of a grad1-2 AC joint injury

A

conservative rest and sling

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18
Q

management of grade 3-5 AC joint injury

A

surgical intervention

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19
Q

treatment of extracapsular hip fracturee

A

dynamic hip screw

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20
Q

treatment of reverse oblique, transverse or subtronchateric fractured

A

intrameduallary device

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21
Q

treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fracture if >75years

A

hemiarthroplasty

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22
Q

treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fracture if 55-75years

A

total hip replacement

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23
Q

treatment of undisplaced intracapsular hip fracture or displaced in young

A

internal fixation with calleous screws

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24
Q

complications of scaphoid fracture

A

avascular necrosis

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25
Q

treatment of clubfoot

A

manipulation and progresive casting at birth

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26
Q

symptoms of club foot

A

inverted and plantar flexed foot

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27
Q

associations of club foot

A

spina bifida, cerebral palsy, trisomy 18, oligohyrmaindos

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28
Q

blood tests in osteoporosis

A

normal but reduced BMD

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29
Q

most common rotator cufff tear and symptom

A

supraspinatus

pain to 90 degrees on abduction

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30
Q

what needs to be assessed on should disorders

A

neuromuscular status

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31
Q

most common shoulder dislocation

A

glenohumeral dislocate

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32
Q

symptoms of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

external rotation and abduction

greater tuberosity fracture, banker lesion, hill sachs defect

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33
Q

treatment of OA

A

topical saids and paracetamol, then intraarticular steroid injections, then supports

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34
Q

hand signs in OA

A

heberdens and bouchard nodes

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35
Q

what can cause burning thigh pain

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh compression

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36
Q

what bones does pages usually affect

A

pelvis, skull and long bones of lower extremities

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37
Q

is ulnar nerve damage worse in elbow of wrist

A

wrist

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38
Q

what should you do to allopurinol during acute gout

A

continue if already on, start 2 weeks after attack if not

39
Q

symptoms of de quervains tenosynovitis

A

pain over radial styloid on forced abduction/flexion of thumb

40
Q

treatment of anky spon

A

saids
then infliximab
keep exercising

41
Q

xray changes in anky spon

A 
BASS
bamboo spine
squaring of vertebral bodies
syndesmophwytes 
sacroilitis
42
Q

symptoms of AS

A 
apical fibrosis
anterior uveitis
aortic regurgiatation
achilles tendoinits 
AV node blck
amyloidosis
43
Q

what nerve innervates the tricep

A

radial C7

44
Q

complication of posterior hip dislocation

A

sciatic nerve injury

45
Q

analgesia for NOF fracture

A

iliofascial nerve block

46
Q

treatment of dupuytrens contracture

A

surgical in can’t place hand flat on table

47
Q

treatment of pagets

A

bisphosphonates

48
Q

blood tests in pagets

A

raised ALP
normal calcium
normal phosphate
normla thryoid

49
Q

symptoms of prolapsed disc

A

leg pain worse than back

pain worse when sitting

50
Q

treatment of proposed disc

A

analgesia, physiology exercises

51
Q

salter harris through metaphysics, growth plate and epiphysis

A

4

52
Q

what medication should be avoided with methotrexate

A

trimethoprim as can lead to bone marrow suppression and pancytopenia

53
Q

what’re the ottawa rules

A

whether to X-ray ankle
inability t weight bear for 4 steps
tenderness over distal tibia
bone tenderness over distal fibula

54
Q

what the the weber classification

A

level of fibular fracture

55
Q

where does osteomyelitis usually occur in children

A

metaphysis

56
Q

what does FRAX >10% mean

A

DEXA scan

57
Q

symptoms of carpal tunnel

A

tingles sign, compressed median nerve, flexion of wrist reproduces symptoms, weakness of thumb abduction

58
Q

symptoms of plantar fascitis

A

heel pain on walking, relieved by resting

59
Q

treatment of plantar fasciitis

A

weight loss, stretches, rest

60
Q

what Ig is found in breast milk

A

IgA

61
Q

histology of GCA

A

skip lesions

62
Q

investigations in GCA

A

raised inflammatory markers, temporal artery biopsy showing skip lesions and normal CK

63
Q

what is the hypersensitivity classification in allergic contact dermatitis

A

4

64
Q

what is a galeazzi fracture

A

dislocation of radioulnar joint and radial fracture

65
Q

what does a positive straight leg raise mean

A

sciatic nerve pain

66
Q

osteomalacia blood

A

low calcium
low phosphate
raised alp

67
Q

who is at risk of discitis

A

IVDU

68
Q

treatment of discitis

A

IV Abx for 8 weeks

69
Q

what does a femoral nerve stretch test show

A

referred lumbar spine pain

70
Q

autoantidoby in dermatomyositis

A

ANA

71
Q

autoantibody in diffuse systemic sclerosis

A

anti-scl-70

72
Q

autoantibody in PBC

A

AMA

73
Q

what is a monteggia fracture

A

dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint and ulnar fracture

74
Q

causes of dupytrens

A 
alcoholic liver disease
manual labour
phenytoin
DM
hand trauma
75
Q

symptoms of fat embolism

A

resp, neuro, petechial rash

76
Q

risk factors of pseudogout

A 
haemochromatosis 
hyperparathroydism 
hypophosphataemia
hypothyroidsim 
old age
77
Q

treatment of pseudogout

A

saids and colchine

78
Q

ankle reflex

A

s1/2

79
Q

knee reflex

A

l3/4

80
Q

dorsiflexion of big toe

A

l5

81
Q

symptoms of subacrominal impingement

A

painful act of abducton 60-120

82
Q

symptoms of torn rotator cuff

A

pain >60 degree

83
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta bloods

A

normal

84
Q

what should be tested pre anti TNF starting

A

CXR for TB

85
Q

what will joint aspirate show in RA

A

high WBC - mainly PMNs
yellow and cloduy
no crystals

86
Q

precipitants of gout

A

thiazide diuretics

low dose aspirin

87
Q

symptoms of GCA

A

> 50years, localised headache, ESR >50, temporal artery tenderness and deceased pulsation, arterial biopsy shows monocelulluar cell infiltration

88
Q

side effect of methotrexate

A

interstitial lung disease

89
Q

what is the arthropathy in SLE

A

Jaccoud’s which ensembles RA

90
Q

the gene in Ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA-B27

91
Q

common organisms in Reiter’s syndrome

A

salmonella, yersina, campylobacter, shigella, chlamydia, gonorrhoea

92
Q

organism in lyme disease

A

borriela burgdorfei

93
Q

rash in lyme disease

A

erythema migrans

phase 4 (19 decks)

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