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MSK passmed Flashcards

1
Q

first line treatment for RA

A

DMARD and short course of steroids

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2
Q

side effects of bisphosphonate

A

heart burn, atypical stress fractures, hypocalcaemia, osteneocrosis of the jaw, oesophagitis

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3
Q

causes of carpal tunnel

A

pregnancy, RA, lunate fracture, oedema

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4
Q

what is a potts fratcure

A

bimalleolar fracture of right ankle

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5
Q

what is a bennets fracture

A

when punching someone, fracture on 1st carpometacarpal joint

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6
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

fall onto outstretched hand, transverse fracture of radius with dorsal displacement

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7
Q

what is a smiths fracture

A

falling backwards, garden spade deforming, solar angulation of distal radius

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8
Q

how to remember salter harris classification

A 
SALT C
straight 
above
lower
through
crush
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9
Q

investigation in cauda equina

A

MRI spine

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10
Q

symptoms of caudal equina

A

lower back pain
urinary incontinece/retention
reduced sensation in perianal area
decreased anal tone

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11
Q

what is feltys syndrome defined as

A

RA, splenomegaly, low WCC

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12
Q

side effects of long term steroid use

A

vascular necrosis of the head (osteopenia and micro fractures)

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13
Q

symptoms of spinal stenosis

A

gradual onset aching back pain, worse on walking and relieved sitting forwards

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14
Q

symptoms of enclosing spondilitis

A

young man with lower back pain and stiffness, improves with activity

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15
Q

symptoms of PAD

A

pain on walking, relieved by rest, absent foot pulses

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16
Q

investigation of achilles tendon rupture

A

US

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17
Q

management of of a grad1-2 AC joint injury

A

conservative rest and sling

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18
Q

management of grade 3-5 AC joint injury

A

surgical intervention

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19
Q

treatment of extracapsular hip fracturee

A

dynamic hip screw

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20
Q

treatment of reverse oblique, transverse or subtronchateric fractured

A

intrameduallary device

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21
Q

treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fracture if >75years

A

hemiarthroplasty

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22
Q

treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fracture if 55-75years

A

total hip replacement

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23
Q

treatment of undisplaced intracapsular hip fracture or displaced in young

A

internal fixation with calleous screws

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24
Q

complications of scaphoid fracture

A

avascular necrosis

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25
treatment of clubfoot
manipulation and progresive casting at birth
26
symptoms of club foot
inverted and plantar flexed foot
27
associations of club foot
spina bifida, cerebral palsy, trisomy 18, oligohyrmaindos
28
blood tests in osteoporosis
normal but reduced BMD
29
most common rotator cufff tear and symptom
supraspinatus | pain to 90 degrees on abduction
30
what needs to be assessed on should disorders
neuromuscular status
31
most common shoulder dislocation
glenohumeral dislocate
32
symptoms of anterior shoulder dislocation
external rotation and abduction | greater tuberosity fracture, banker lesion, hill sachs defect
33
treatment of OA
topical saids and paracetamol, then intraarticular steroid injections, then supports
34
hand signs in OA
heberdens and bouchard nodes
35
what can cause burning thigh pain
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh compression
36
what bones does pages usually affect
pelvis, skull and long bones of lower extremities
37
is ulnar nerve damage worse in elbow of wrist
wrist
38
what should you do to allopurinol during acute gout
continue if already on, start 2 weeks after attack if not
39
symptoms of de quervains tenosynovitis
pain over radial styloid on forced abduction/flexion of thumb
40
treatment of anky spon
saids then infliximab keep exercising
41
xray changes in anky spon
``` BASS bamboo spine squaring of vertebral bodies syndesmophwytes sacroilitis ```
42
symptoms of AS
``` apical fibrosis anterior uveitis aortic regurgiatation achilles tendoinits AV node blck amyloidosis ```
43
what nerve innervates the tricep
radial C7
44
complication of posterior hip dislocation
sciatic nerve injury
45
analgesia for NOF fracture
iliofascial nerve block
46
treatment of dupuytrens contracture
surgical in can't place hand flat on table
47
treatment of pagets
bisphosphonates
48
blood tests in pagets
raised ALP normal calcium normal phosphate normla thryoid
49
symptoms of prolapsed disc
leg pain worse than back | pain worse when sitting
50
treatment of proposed disc
analgesia, physiology exercises
51
salter harris through metaphysics, growth plate and epiphysis
4
52
what medication should be avoided with methotrexate
trimethoprim as can lead to bone marrow suppression and pancytopenia
53
what're the ottawa rules
whether to X-ray ankle inability t weight bear for 4 steps tenderness over distal tibia bone tenderness over distal fibula
54
what the the weber classification
level of fibular fracture
55
where does osteomyelitis usually occur in children
metaphysis
56
what does FRAX >10% mean
DEXA scan
57
symptoms of carpal tunnel
tingles sign, compressed median nerve, flexion of wrist reproduces symptoms, weakness of thumb abduction
58
symptoms of plantar fascitis
heel pain on walking, relieved by resting
59
treatment of plantar fasciitis
weight loss, stretches, rest
60
what Ig is found in breast milk
IgA
61
histology of GCA
skip lesions
62
investigations in GCA
raised inflammatory markers, temporal artery biopsy showing skip lesions and normal CK
63
what is the hypersensitivity classification in allergic contact dermatitis
4
64
what is a galeazzi fracture
dislocation of radioulnar joint and radial fracture
65
what does a positive straight leg raise mean
sciatic nerve pain
66
osteomalacia blood
low calcium low phosphate raised alp
67
who is at risk of discitis
IVDU
68
treatment of discitis
IV Abx for 8 weeks
69
what does a femoral nerve stretch test show
referred lumbar spine pain
70
autoantidoby in dermatomyositis
ANA
71
autoantibody in diffuse systemic sclerosis
anti-scl-70
72
autoantibody in PBC
AMA
73
what is a monteggia fracture
dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint and ulnar fracture
74
causes of dupytrens
``` alcoholic liver disease manual labour phenytoin DM hand trauma ```
75
symptoms of fat embolism
resp, neuro, petechial rash
76
risk factors of pseudogout
``` haemochromatosis hyperparathroydism hypophosphataemia hypothyroidsim old age ```
77
treatment of pseudogout
saids and colchine
78
ankle reflex
s1/2
79
knee reflex
l3/4
80
dorsiflexion of big toe
l5
81
symptoms of subacrominal impingement
painful act of abducton 60-120
82
symptoms of torn rotator cuff
pain >60 degree
83
osteogenesis imperfecta bloods
normal
84
what should be tested pre anti TNF starting
CXR for TB
85
what will joint aspirate show in RA
high WBC - mainly PMNs yellow and cloduy no crystals
86
precipitants of gout
thiazide diuretics | low dose aspirin
87
symptoms of GCA
>50years, localised headache, ESR >50, temporal artery tenderness and deceased pulsation, arterial biopsy shows monocelulluar cell infiltration
88
side effect of methotrexate
interstitial lung disease
89
what is the arthropathy in SLE
Jaccoud's which ensembles RA
90
the gene in Ankylosing spondylitis
HLA-B27
91
common organisms in Reiter's syndrome
salmonella, yersina, campylobacter, shigella, chlamydia, gonorrhoea
92
organism in lyme disease
borriela burgdorfei
93
rash in lyme disease
erythema migrans

phase 4 (19 decks)

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