cardiology pass med

Question 1

heart sound in heart failure

Answer 1

3rd heard sound

Question 2

what should be offered annually in hear failure patients

Answer 2

influenza vaccine

Question 3

what improves mortality in those with heart failure already on ACE-i

Answer 3

spironolcatone

Question 4

first line treatment in HF with stable but impaired LVF

Answer 4

ACE-i and BB

Question 5

treatment of LBBB

Answer 5

PCI or thrombolysis

Question 6

first and second line treatment of prolonged PR

Answer 6

IV atropine
then
external pacing

Question 7

side effects of nitrates

Answer 7

hypotension
tachycardia
headache
flushing
tolerance

Question 8

valve most effected in infective endocarditis

Answer 8

mitral valve

Question 9

what electrolyte disturbance causes long QT

Answer 9

hypokalaemia

Question 10

definition of orthostatic hypotension

Answer 10

drop of SBP of at least 20 and drop of DBP of at least 10 after 3 minutes

Question 11

what ABPM score diagnoses HTN

Answer 11

> 135/85

Question 12

ecg in hypokalaemia

Answer 12

u waves 
inverted t waves 
prolongeed pr
st depression
long qt

in hypokalaemia U have no Pot and no T but a long PR and a long QT

Question 13

most peoples aim for HTN meds

Answer 13

<140/90

Question 14

conservative measures to reduce orthostatic hypotension

Answer 14

increase fluids and salt, compression stockings

Question 15

pharmological options to treat orthostatic hypotension

Answer 15

fludrocortisone and midodrine

discontinue vasoactive drugs, antihypertensives, neuroleptic agents and dopaminergic drugs

Question 16

investigation for patient with non cardiac chest pain at rest but ECG signs

Answer 16

contrast enhanced coronary CT angiogram

Question 17

treatment of PEA

Answer 17

1mg IV adrenaline and CPR 30:2

Question 18

first line treatments for angina

Answer 18

gtn
bb
ccb

Question 19

medications to avoid in hypotension

Answer 19

nitrates

Question 20

aim for HTN in >80y/o

Answer 20

<150/95

Question 21

what is a stanford B aortic dissection

Answer 21

of the descending aorta and if uncomplicated should be treated medically with BB and analgesia