abg Flashcards
causes of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting, burns, potassium depletion, NG drainage
abg in met alk
high pH, high HCO3
causes of metabolic acidosis
DKA, lactic acidosis (sepsis and tissue ischaemia), renal failure, pancreatitis, drugs (salicylate, ethylene glycol, biguanides - metformin - causes lactic acidosis)
abg in met acid
low pH, low HCO3
causes of respiratory alk
hyperventilation (anxiety, altitude, PE, asthma), HTN
abg in resp alk
pH high, low CO2
causes of respiratory acid
severe asthma, copd exacerbation, hypoventilation
abg in resp acid
pH low, high CO2
abg in type 1 resp failure
low O2 <8 , normal CO2
abg in type 2 resp failure
low O2, high CO2
causes of type 1 resp failure
hypoxia, VQ mismatch
causes of type 2 resp failure
CNS depression, ventilatory failure, physical abnormalities
causes of increased HCO3
metabolic alkalosis or respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
causes of decreased HCO3
metabolic acidosis or metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
causes of decreased CO2
respiratory alkalosis or metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
what is pH
measure of H+ in blood
what is PaCO2
indicates how well CO2 is moving out of blood into lungs and ventilation
what is HCO3
chemical buffer than keeps blood pH normal
what is base excess
measure of excess acid or base in blood
high HCO3 and high BE
metabolic alkalosis or compensated res acid
low BE and low HCO3
met acid or com respiratory alk
rate of compensation
res can be quick, met is days
what can cause mixed
co2 and hco3 moving in opposite directions
cardiac arrest, multi organ failure, liver cirrhosis, hyperemesis,
anion gap
na - (cl+hco3)
