gi/liver passmed Flashcards by Becca Salmon

what is intramural gallbladder wall calcification a risk factor fall

gallbladder cancer

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what is mirizzi syndrome

hepatic obstruction caused by gallstone

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what is the modified glasgow score for acute pancreatitis

pao2, age, neutrophilic, calcium, renal function, enzymes, albumin, sugar

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symptoms of acute cholecystitis

ruq pain and fever

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symptoms of acute cholangitis

RUQ pain, fever, jaundice

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best blood test for acute pancreatitis

lipase

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gall stone location if no jaundice

cystic duct

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gallstone location if jaundice

common bile duct

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what is a pseudocyst

present after 4 weeks of acute pancreatitis and can middle raise amylase

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what blood test does a prognostic test for pancreatitis

glucose

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breathing complications in pancreatitisi

ARDS

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causes of acute pancreatitis

GETSMASHED
gallstones
ethanol
trauma
steroids
mumps
autoimmune
scorpian venom
hypercalcaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia
ERCP
drugs - azathioprine, mesalazine, sodium valporate furosemide

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symptoms of chronic pancreatitis

steatorrhoea, diabetes, abdominal pain after meals

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investigations in chronic pancreatitis

abdo xray

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treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma

eradicate H.pylori

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what is reynold pentad

charcots triad + hypotension and confusion

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treatment of pseudocyst

conservative

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complications of gastrectomy

vit b12 deficiency
osteoporosis
weight loss
early satiety
iron deficiency anaemia

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what are pigmented stones associated with

sickle cell anaemia due to increased red cell haemolytic

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imaging for chronic pancreatitis

can use abdominal xray

but CT is more sensitive and specific

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where does biliary colic radiate to

inter scapular region

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most common organism in cholangitis

e.coli (then klebsiella after)

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treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer

biliary stenting

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treatment of acute cholecytitis

IV Abx and early laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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X-ray sign in sigmoid volvulus

coffee bean

risk factors of sigmoid volvulus

elderly, neurological conditions, chronic constipation

what surgery can be done to defunction the bowel

loop stoma

colorectal screening programme

FOB every 2 years 60-74 years and if +e have a colonoscopy

treatment of lower rectal tumour

anterior resection | radiothrapy

what analgesia is preferred in bowel surgery and why

epidural due to quicker return to normal bowel function

sigmoid volvulus treatment

decompression via rigid sigmoidoscopy with flatus tube insertion

when is a flexible sigmoidoscopy offered for screenign

at 55years

risk factor of anal cancer

HPV, HIV, CIN, smoking

treatment of anal fissure

diet bulk forming laxatives libricants topical GTN

what does post defecatory bleeding suggest

haemorrhoids

what does painful rectal bleeding with passage of stool suggest and on wiping

fissure in ano

symptoms of gastric volvulus

vomiting pain failure to pass NG tube

use of gastrografin enema

to look for colorectal anatomises

where does diverticular usually occur

in descending colon or sigmoid

cell type in anal cancer

squamous

antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis

anti smooth muscle and anti nuclear

antibodies in PBC

antimitochondrial

what can effect the 13c urea breath test results

course of antibiotics in the past 4 weeks or PPIs in past 2 weeks

treatment of severe UC flare

admit, IV corticosteroids, if mild, rectal mesalazine or short course of oral steroids

investigation for liver cirrhosis

transient elastography (fibroscan) - used to be liver biopsy

symtoms of refeeding syndrome

arrhythmias, low potassium, low magnesium, low phosphate, fluid shifts

investigation in PSC

ERCP/MRCP liver biopsy - onion skin due to dilated stricture pANCA

treatment of c.diff

metronidazole

what would you think of if liver failure post cardiac arrest

ischaemic hepatitis, raised ALT

abg in mesenteric ichaemia

metabolic acidosis

prevention of varicella bleed

propranolol

treatment of vatical bleed

terlipressin

malignancy linked to HNPCC

endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer

diagnosis of malnutrition

unintentional weight loss >10% in 6 months, BMI <18.5 or BMI <20 and weight loss >5% in last 6 months

symptoms of acute fatty liver of pregnancu

jaundice, abdo pain an pruritus during pregnancy

why do those with coeliac require regular immunisations

functional hyposlepnism - give pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years

investigations pre fundoplcication for resistant GORD

oesophageal pH and manometry studies

what does the inferior mesenteric artery suppled

the hind gut, which is th distal third of the colon and rectum superior to the pectinate line

where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from

L3 vertebra

liver enzyme to look at liver function

PT and albumin

budd chiari symptoms

sudden onset abdominal pain, ascites, tender hepatomegaly

what test to confirm h.pylori eradicatons

urea breath test

symptoms of oesophageal cancer

hoarse voice weight loss dysphagia

treatment of c diff if metronidazole doesn'tt work

vancomycin

inducing remission in chrons

Iv hydrocortisone

what would difficulty in swallowing salvia being the worst suggest

globus pharyngis (globus hystericus)

investigation of carcinoid syndrome

5-HIAA urinary

what is gilbert's syndrome

benign condition causing mild rise in bilirubin

what is SAAG

serum ascitic albumin gradient and >11 means portal HTN

treatment of chrons flare if steroids don't work

biologics

investigations in acute mesenteric ischaemia

raised lactate

side effect of omeprazole

hyponatraemia

which IBD is more linked to tenesmus