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USMLE Step 1 > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome associated with which conditions?

A
  • pregnancy (edema)
  • RA
  • hypothyroidism
  • diabetes
  • acromegaly
  • dialysis-related amyloidosis
  • repetitive use?
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2
Q

Innervation of the iliohypogastric n

A

(T12-L1)

  • Sensory: suprapubic region
  • Motor: internal oblique and transversus abdominis
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3
Q

Innervation of the genitofemoral nerve

A

(L1-2)

  • Sensory: medial/anterior thigh, scrotum/labia majora
  • Motor: cremaster
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4
Q

Innervation of lateral femoral cutaneous n

A

(L2-3)

- Sensory innerve of anterior/lateral thigh

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5
Q

Outline meralgia paraesthetica

A

Outer thigh nerve syndrome

  • burning pain
  • paraesthesia
  • hypoesthesia
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6
Q

Nerves of the lumbar plexus

A 
Iliohypogastric (T12-L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-2)
Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-3)
Obturator (L2-4)
Femoral (L2-4)
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7
Q

Nerves of the sacral plexus

A 
Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
Posterior femoral cutaneous (S1-3)
Sciatic (L4-S3)
Pudendal (S2-4)
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8
Q

A foot drop is result of injury to which nerve

A

Common peroneal nerve

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9
Q

MOA and indications of bisphosphonates

A

Phosphate group in drugs binds Ca (hydroxyapatite) in bone and also inhibits osteoclasts
- osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget’s ds of bone, metastatic bone ds

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10
Q

Eg of bisphosphonates

A

Alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate, zolendronate

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11
Q

Side effects of bisphosphonates

A

Esophagitis
osteonecrosis of jaw
atypical stress fractures (femur)

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12
Q

X-ray findings in bone tumours

A 
Osteosarcoma:
- Codman triangle 
- Sunburst pattern
Ewing sarcoma
- Onion skin pattern
Giant cell tumour 
- Soap bubble appearance
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13
Q

Predisposing factors for osteosarcoma

A

Prior irradiation
Paget’s ds
Familial retinoblastoma
Li-Fraumeni

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14
Q

Approach to bone tumours according to location

A

Epiphysis - Giant cell tumour
Metaphysis - Osteosarcoma, osteochondroma, simple bone cyst
Diaphysis - Osteoid osteoma, Ewing sarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, mets

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15
Q

Approach to bone tumours according to age

A 
Young men: 
- Ewing sarcoma (<15)
- Osteosarcoma (10-20)
- Osteochondroma (<25)
Older:
- Giant cell tumour (20-40)
- Osteosarcoma (bimodal - >65)
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16
Q

Approach to bone pain/tumours based on serum tests

A

Ca/PTH levels:

  • normal: osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, Paget, bone tumours
  • low Ca/high PTH: Vit D deficiency, renal failure
  • high Ca/high PTH: primary hyperparathyroidism
17
Q

Hand joint involvements in OA and RA

A

OA: DIP, PIP (Herberden’s and Bouchard’s), 1st CMC, not MCP!
RA: MCP, PIP, not DIP or 1st CMC

18
Q

Describe Caplan’s syndrome

A

RA nodules with pneumoconiosis

19
Q

Triad of gonococcal arthritis

A

Polyarthralgia
Tenosynovitis
Dermatitis

20
Q

3 main indications for colchicine

Side effects

A

Gout
Pericarditis
Familial mediterranean fever

S/E’s: Diarrhea, N&V, abdo pain

21
Q

Conditions associated with CPPD

A

HyperPTH
Joint trauma
Haemachromatosis

22
Q

The “-itis” of spondyloarthritides

A
  • Sacroiliitis/spondylitis/peripheral arthritis
  • Enthesitis
  • Dactylitis
  • Uveitis
  • Aortitis –> AR (in ank spondy)
23
Q

Bugs associated with reactive arthritis

A

“ShY ChiCS”

  • Shigella
  • Yersinia
  • Chlamydia
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
24
Q

Pathologies associated with myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A

MG: thymoma, thymic hyperplasia –> do CT/MRI of mediastinum
LEMS: small cell lung CA

25
Q

What is the Leser-Trelat sign

A

Sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses - indicating underlying malignancy (GI, lymphoid)

26
Q

6 P’s of lichen planus

A

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques

27
Q

Melanoma:

  • tumour marker
  • Mutation in what gene?
A

S-100
BRAF kinase
BRAF V600E may benefit from vemurafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor)

28
Q

ABCDEs of melanoma

A 
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Colour variation
Diameter >6mm
Evolution with time
29
Q

Side effects of methotrexate

A
  • Myelosuppresion (reversible with leucovorin)
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Mucositis
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
30
Q

4 types of melanomas

A

Superficial spreading - good prognosis
Lentigo maligna melanoma - good
Nodular - poor
Acral lentiginous - palms and soles

31
Q

Describe the drug Riluzole

A

Glutamate inhibitor for treating ALS

32
Q

Which artery supplies the ACL?

A

Middle geniculate artery

USMLE Step 1 (11 decks)

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