Antimicrobials Flashcards
1
Q
Extended-spectrum penicillins (eg amoxicillin) cover:
A
HHELPSS kill enterococci - H influenza - H pylori - E coli - Listeria - Proteus mirabilis - Salmonella - Shigella enterococci
2
Q
Adverse effects of extended-spectrum penicillins
A
Hypersensitivity reactions
Rash
Peudomembranous colitis
3
Q
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins:
- eg’s
- cover
- adverse effects
A
- Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
- S aureus
- Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis
4
Q
List the Beta lactamase inhibitors
A
CAST
- clavulanic acid
- avibactam
- sulbactam
- tazobactam
5
Q
Which organisms are not covered by 1st-4th gen cephalosporins?
A
They are “LAME”
- Listeria
- Atypicals (chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella),
- MRSA
- Enterococci
6
Q
Cover of 1st gen cephalosporins
A
PEcK
- gram+ cocci
- proteus mirabilis
- E coli
- Klebsiella
7
Q
Eg of 2nd gen cephalosporins and their cover
A
“Fake fox fur”
- ceFAclor, ceFOXitin, ceFURoxime
“HENS PEcK”
- gram+ cocci
- Haemophilus
- Enterobacter
- Neisseria spp
- Serratia marcescens
- Proteus mirabilis
- E coli
- Klebsiella
8
Q
Name of 4th and 5th gen cephalosporins and their cover
A
4th gen - cefepime: gram- orgs, with increased activity against pseudomonas and gram+ orgs
5th gen - ceftaroline: broad gram+ and gram- cover
9
Q
Adverse effects of cephalosporins
A
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- disulfiram-like reactions
- Vit K deficiency
- increased nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
