MSK Flashcards
What are ganglions?
Cysts around joints and arising from tendon sheaths
Degenerative condition
What conditions predispose one to fractures?
Osteoporosis
Bone tumours
Paget’s disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta
How does osteosarcoma present?
Painful masses +/- fracture
What is osteosarcoma?
Malignant
Bone producing mesenchyma tumour
What causes avascular necrosis?
Steroids
Trauma
Infection
Dysbarism
Pregnancy
Sickle cell
Collagen disease
Define Paget’s disease
Disorder of bone formation resulting in deformity, weakness and increase bone mass and subsequent effects on other systems
How can you classify bone tumours?
Mets
Bone forming tumours
Cartilage forming tumours
Fibrous and fibro-osseus tumours
Miscellaneous
What is a risk factor for osteosarcoma?
Paget’s
What is the pathophysiology of Paget’s?
Abnormal osteoclast activation occurs causing first a lytic phase of bone destruction, then mixed, then a burnt out phase with increase bone deposition
Where is the most common locations for osteosarcomas?
Knee - particularly the metaphysis
Which type of bone is more typically effected by avascular necrosis?
Medullary
(Cortex has collaterals)
What is the natural history of osteosarcomas?
Aggressive with 10-20% pulmonary metastases
Elsewhere to bone and brain is common
Poor prognosis
How does Paget’s disease present?
Bone pain due to microfractures or mass effect
Leontiasis ossea
Platybasia (abnormal flattening of skull base)
Long bone bowing
Secondary OA
AV shunts
Which bones are typically affected in Pagets?
Most polyostotic
Proximal and femar are common
Small bones are less common
What is myositis ossificans?
Ossification within muscle
