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ANCC Study > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Big risk factor for osteoporosis:

A

Smoking

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2
Q

Diagnosis of osteoporosis?

A

DEXA scan with t-score less than -2.5

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3
Q

What medication should be used in a patient with osteoporosis and HTN?

A

Thiazides bc they stimulate osteoblasts and decrease Ca excretion.

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4
Q

First line treatment for RA?

A

DMARDS- methotrexate and plaquenil- slow the progression on RA.

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5
Q

Risk associated with DMARDS?

A

Suppression of immune function

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6
Q

What does methotrexate deplete?

A

Folic acid so patient must supplement

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7
Q

This presents as joint pain and AM stiffness that resolved in less than 1 hour.

A

OA

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8
Q

What will patient with OA present with?

A

Heberden and Bouchard’s nodes.

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9
Q

Where are Heberden nodes located?

A

DIP and only in OA

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10
Q

Where are Bouchard’s node located?

A

PIP- both RA and OA

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11
Q

What would an X-ray show in a patient with OA?

A

Joint space narrowing

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12
Q

What is treatment for OA?

A

Tylenol and exercise

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13
Q

This is a systemic issue that presents with bouchards nodes, warm, tender and swollen fingers (sausage fingers), boutonniere deformity, and swan neck deformity.

A

RA

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14
Q

This is Hyper-extension of the DIP and flexion of the PIP?

A

Boutonniere’s deformity

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15
Q

This is flexion of the DIP and hyper-extension of the PIP?

A

Swan neck deformity

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16
Q

Another type of arthritis that typically begins in the lower back and works it way to upper back. It is autoimmune and a chronic inflammatory condition.

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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17
Q

How do we diagnose ankylosing spondylitis?

A

X-ray first then MRI

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18
Q

This presents with snuff box tenderness and patient may say “ I fell with arms out to catch me”.

A

Scaphoid fracture

19
Q

How do we treat scaphoid fracture?

A

Thumb spica cast because this does not show up immediately on X-ray.

20
Q

This is backward prayer hands to diagnose carpal tunnel?

A

Phalen’s

21
Q

This is we you tap on the inner wrist to diagnose carpal tunnel?

A

Tinnel’s

22
Q

This is caused by a thickening of the tissue around the nerve leading to the toes that is common in females that wear heals and patient may say “it feels like a pebble is in my shoe”.

A

Morton’s neuroma

23
Q

McMurray tests for:

A

Meniscal injury

24
Q

Lachman tests for:

A

ACL injury

25
Q

Valgus tests for:

A

Ligaments

26
Q

This is knock knees?

A

Gene Valgum

27
Q

This is Row legged/bow legged?

A

Gene varum

28
Q

When is the pain relieved with a herniated disk/spinal stenosis?

A

When sitting

29
Q

What test do we use to evaluate sciatica?

A

Straight leg test

30
Q

Describe the straight leg test:

A

This is positive when reproduction of symptoms occur between 30-70 degrees of elevation.

31
Q

Sciatica pain is worsen when?

A

Sitting

32
Q

Which nerve is the root of the patient’s sciatica when they have a diminished knee jerk with squat and rise exam?

A

L4

33
Q

Which nerve is the root of the patient’s sciatica when they have a numbness at the great toe with the heel walking test?

A

L5

34
Q

Which nerve is the root of the patient’s sciatica when they have a diminished or absent ankle jerk when walking on toes?

A

S1

35
Q

What tests can be used to test for a rotator cuff injury?

A

Drop arm, empty can test, and apprehension test

36
Q

The apprehension test may also show?

A

Posterior impingement of rotator cuff

37
Q

What would diagnose a distal biceps tendon rupture?

A

Hook test- use the index finger to hook the biceps tendon from the lateral side of the elbow.

38
Q

Gout prevention?

A

Allopurinol and lifestyle modifications

39
Q

Side effect of Allopurinol?

A

Bone marrow suppression

40
Q

Lifestyle modifications of gout?

A

Low purine diet, no alcohol, avoiding diuretics, no thiazide

41
Q

How do we diagnose Gout?

A

Uric acid greater then 6.5

42
Q

Treatment of acute gout attack?

A

Potent NSAIDs such as Indomethacin or steroids if severe colchicine

43
Q

This is when the ball at the head of the femur slips off the neck of the bone in a backwards directions. The patient will walk with a limp and there will be a dip in the hip (positive trendelenburg). Seen in adolescents.

A

SCFE

44
Q

This is lack of blood supply to the femur head that is seen in babies?

A

Legg-Calves-Perthes disease

ANCC Study (14 decks)

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