Cardiac Flashcards
We would initiate statin therapy when the ASCVD risk is?
greater than 7.5%
What serious side effects can occur with statins?
Rhabdo and drug-induced hepatitis
Total cholesterol should be:
Less than 200
Triglycerides should be
Less than 150
HDL should be
Between 40-60 but the higher then better
LDL should be
Less than 100
How often should we check a lipid panel?
Every 5 years unless risk factors present
Which statin should be given to a patient with elevated cholesterol and their father died at the age of 45 from an MI?
High-Intensity
What should you not eat/drink when on a statin?
Grapefruit juice
Coenzyme 10 is:
good for the heart
What labs should we monitor with an ACE-I?
BUN, creatinine, and K (hyperkalemia risk)
What med should we switch to if a patient experiences angioedema on an ACE-I?
ARB
Thiazides are good for patients with?
Osteoporosis
Avoid thiazides in patients with:
Gout, HLD, and diabetes
Avoid CCB in:
GERD
When to use a BB?
After an MI
Pregnancy HTN meds?
Labetolol, methyldopa, nifidepine
What are the category X meds in pregnancy?
ACE-I, ARBS, statins, DMARDS
Go to meds for HTN and diabetes?
ACE-I or ARBS- renal protective
What is occurring in a patient if there are variances in HR between inspiration and expiration?
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, seen in young, healthy adults
What meds for a patient with DM, HTN, and HF?
ACE-I and BB
What diabetic med should be avoided in HF?
TZDs
What is an irregularly, irregular rhythm?
A. fib
Treatment for A. fib?
Metoprolol
Bactrim will do what to the INR of a patient on warfarin?
Increase
Rifampin will do what to the INR of a patient on warfarin?
Decrease
What systolic murmur radiates to the armpit?
Mitral regurg
What systolic murmur radiates to the neck?
Aortic stenosis
With this murmur we will hear a click and it is common in patients with Marfan’s syndrome?
Mitral valve prolapse
What grade of murmur will we feel a palpable thrill?
Grade IV or higher
This causes purple, shiny legs; pain that is relieved at rest and with dangling; and decreased blood flow? Intermittent claudication. Absent or weak pulses.
PAD
How do we diagnose PAD?
Ankle brachial index of less than 0.9
Biggest risk factor of PAD?
Smoking
This causes reddish/brown lower extremity skin that is edematous; no pain; all pulses are present.
PVD or chronic venous insufficiency
What does PVD increase your risk of?
DVT
How do we diagnosis a DVT?
Doppler and d-dimer
What should the INR be in a patient with a heart valve?
3-4
What should we do when an INR is greater than 5 on warfarin?
Hold warfarin dose and decrease
What should we do with an INR greater than 10 with bleeding?
Give IV vitamin K
What should we do with an INR greater than 10 with no bleeding?
Give PO vitamin K
