Eyes Flashcards
What is the first thing we do when a patient comes in with a vision complaint?
assess visual acuity
When is a patient considered legally blind?
20/200
This is called a lazy eye and is preceded by strabismus.
Amylopia
What is CN 2 and what does it do?
Optic nerve- assess vision by Snellen chart.
What is CN 3 and what does it do?
Oculomotor- focus
What is CN 4 and what does it do?
Trochlear- downward and inward eye movement
What is CN 5 and what does it do?
Trigeminal- outward and lateral eye movement
Retinal arteries look how as compared to retinal veins?
Thinner and lighter
What can we see with uncontrolled HTN?
Copper wire arteries
AV nicking- artery crosses a vein and causes it to bulge
What can we see with a diabetic eye exam?
- Cotton wool spots- diabetic retinopathy
- Microaneurysms- small bulges in retinal blood vessels that leak fluid-caused by neovascularization
- Neovasculatization- new fragile arteries in the retina that rupture and bleed
This causes sudden, severe eye pain in elderly patients. It is caused by an increase in ICP. The eye will feel “firm to the touch” and vision will be reduced/blurry.
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Ophthalmological emergency can cause permanent vision loss
This is a sudden onset of floaters that “feels like looking through a curtain”. Blurred vision/flashes of light.
Retinal detachment
Eye complaints related to elevated cholesterol levels.
- Arcus senilus- gray halo around the eye.
- Xanthelasma- cholesterol deposits on the eye
* Run lipid profile*
Yellow triangular (wedge-shaped) thickening of the conjunctiva that is benign. Eye redness but typically asymptomatic. Does encroach on the cornea.
Pterygium
A raised, yellow-white, small round growth in the bulbar conjunctiva. This is from sun exposure and does not encroach on the cornea.
Pinguecula
This is caused by an abscess of hair follicle. Sudden onset of swelling and purulent drainage. Painful
Hordeolum
Chronic inflammation of meibomian gland. Not painful.
Chalazion
This is a unilateral blood shot red eye that mimics viral conjunctivitis (pink eye).
Blepharitis
Treatment for a hordeolum?
Warm/hot compresses and possibly po antibiotics.
Treatment for a chalazion?
I&D, surgical removal, or intrachalazion steroid injections.
Refer*
Type of conjunctivitis that has serous drainage and starts bilateral?
Allergic
Type of conjunctivitis that you typically see stringer/ropey drainage that spreads from one eye to the next. Enlarged pre-auricular nodes and cobblestone eye.
Viral (pink eye)
Type of conjunctivitis that you typically see purulent drainage that spreads from one eye to the next. This is contagious.
Bacterial
This is “a foreign body sensation” that is commonly seen with Bell’s palsy.
Corneal abrasion
How do we diagnose a corneal abrasion?
Flouroscene staining
What eye conditions have an absent red reflex?
Retinoblastoma
Cataracts
This causes central vision loss and is age related?
Macular degeneration
Treatment for macular degeneration?
Write things in large print
This is farsightedness d/t age related loss of elasticity of the lens. Common for patients to say “my arms seem too short”.
Presbyopia
This is eye pain/sensitivity to light caused by the inflammation and swelling of the Iris. Will have decreased vision and the entire eye will be red.
Irisitis
Corneal infection spread by direct contact. Symptoms may include foreign body sensation, lacrimation, photophobia, and conjunctival hyperemia.
Simplex Keratosis
Treatment for simplex keratosis?
Proper hand washing
Rash on the tip/fern of the nose that moves to the eye S/S: pain, photophobia and blurred vision.
Herpetic keratosis
Refer to the ED*
Anytime there is eye pain we should:
REFER
This affects the middle layer of tissue in the eye wall (uvea). S/S: blood shot, red eye, painful. It is benign.
Uveitis
