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Anatomy Year 1 > Movements of the spine > Flashcards

Movements of the spine Flashcards

Muscles involved in the movements of the spine

1
Q

Which movements does the cervical spine allow?

A

Flexion, extension; left and right rotation; left and right lateral flexion

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2
Q

Which muscles are involved in cervical flexion?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, longus capitis, scaleneus

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3
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

O: manubrium of sternum + anterior superior of medial clavicle
I: mastoid process

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the longus colli?

A

O: C3-T3
I: C1-C6

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5
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the longus capitis?

A

O: transverse process C3-C6
I: occipital bone

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6
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the scalenus?

A

O: C2-C7
I: 1st and 2nd ribs

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7
Q

Which muscles are involved in cervical extension?

A

Splenius, erector spinae, semispinalis

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius?

A 
Splenius cervicis:- 
O: spinous processes T3-T6
I: transverse processes C1-C3
Splenius capitis:-
O: lower 1/2 of ligament nuchae + spinous processes C7-T4
I: mastoid process + occipital bone
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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the erector spinae?

A

O: iliac crest + sacrum + pelvis
I: occipital bone

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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis?

A

O: C4-T10
I: occipital bone + spinous processes C2-T4

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11
Q

Which muscles are involved in cervical rotation?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (contralateral), scalenus (contralateral), splenius (contralateral)

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12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

O: manubrium of sternum + anterior superior of medial clavicle
I: mastoid process

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the scalenus?

A

O: C2-C7
I: 1st and 2nd ribs

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14
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius?

A 
Splenius cervicis:- 
O: spinous processes T3-T6
I: transverse processes C1-C3
Splenius capitis:-
O: lower 1/2 of ligament nuchae + spinous processes C7-T4
I: mastoid process + occipital bone
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15
Q

Which muscles are involved in cervical lateral flexion?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (ipsilateral),scalenus (ipsilateral), splenius (ipsilateral)

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

O: manubrium of sternum + anterior superior of medial clavicle
I: mastoid process

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17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the scalenus?

A

O: C2-C7
I: 1st and 2nd ribs

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the splenius?

A 
Splenius cervicis:- 
O: spinous processes T3-T6
I: transverse processes C1-C3
Splenius capitis:-
O: lower 1/2 of ligament nuchae + spinous processes C7-T4
I: mastoid process + occipital bone
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19
Q

Which movements does the thoracolumbar spine allow?

A

Flexion, extension; left and right lumbar flexion; left and right lumbar rotation

20
Q

Which muscles are involved in lumbar flexion?

A

Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique

21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

O: anterior pubic crest
I: cartilage of 5th-7th ribs + xiphoid process

22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique?

A

O: borders of lower ribs
I: iliac crest + pubic crest + fascia of rectus abdominis

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the internal oblique?

A

O: inguinal lig + iliac crest + lumbar fascia
I: inferior borders of false ribs + linea alba

24
Q

Which muscles are involved in lumbar extension?

A

Erector spinae, multifidus, quadratus lumborum

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the erector spinae?

A

O: iliac crest + sacrum + pelvis
I: occipital bone

26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the multifidus?

A

O: sacrum + posterior iliac spine + vertebrae C4 to lower lumbar
I: spinous processes of vertebrae which are 2-4 segments above

27
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A

O: posterior iliac crest
I: 12th rib + transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

28
Q

Which muscles are involved in lumbar lateral flexion?

A

Erector spinae (ipsilateral), quadratus lumborum (ipsilateral), rectus abdominis (ipsilateral), external oblique (ipsilateral), internal oblique (ipsilateral)

29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the erector spinae?

A

O: iliac crest + sacrum + pelvis
I: occipital bone

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A

O: posterior iliac crest
I: 12th rib + transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

O: anterior pubic crest
I: cartilage of 5th-7th ribs + xiphoid process

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique?

A

O: borders of lower ribs
I: iliac crest + pubic crest + fascia of rectus abdominis

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the internal oblique?

A

O: inguinal lig + iliac crest + lumbar fascia
I: inferior borders of false ribs + linea alba

34
Q

Which muscles are involved in lumbar rotation?

A

Erector spinae (ipsilateral), external oblique (contralateral), internal oblique (ipsilateral)

35
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the erector spinae?

A

O: iliac crest + sacrum + pelvis
I: occipital bone

36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis?

A

O: C4-T10
I: occipital bone + spinous processes C2-T4

37
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique?

A

O: borders of lower ribs
I: iliac crest + pubic crest + fascia of rectus abdominis

38
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the internal oblique?

A

O: inguinal lig + iliac crest + lumbar fascia
I: inferior borders of false ribs + linea alba

39
Q

What are the three layers of the erector spinae?

A

Lateral layer = iliocostalis
Middle layer = longissimus
Medial layer = spinalis

40
Q

What is the function of the transversus abdominis?

A

Support spine + abdominal wall
Aid forced expiration
Raises intra-abdominal pressure

41
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

O: iliac crest + lower 6 ribs + lumbar fascia
I: crest of pubic + iliopectineal line + linea alba

42
Q

How many pairs or ribs are there (split into true, false and floating)?

A

12 pairs total: 7 true; 5 false (of which 2 are floating)

43
Q

What distinguishes true, false and floating ribs?

A

True are attached directly to sternum via a unique costal cartilage, false are attached indirectly to sternum, and false have ends which are free or vertebral

44
Q

What does the fascia of the abdomen do?

A

Provides attachment for abdominal muscles as there are no/few bones; only ABOVE umbilicis

45
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The vertical line of the fascia of the abdomen

Anatomy Year 1 (21 decks)

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