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Anatomy Year 1 > Connective tissues + joints > Flashcards

Connective tissues + joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Bind and support other tissues; protect and insulate organs; transport nutrients

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2
Q

What are connective tissues comprised of?

A

Cells amid a matrix

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3
Q

What are -blasts?

A

Immature cells, typically secrete matrix

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4
Q

What are -cytes?

A

Mature cells, typically maintain matrix

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5
Q

What is the matrix comprised of?

A

Protein fibres amid ground substance

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6
Q

What are the two types of protein fibre and their properties?

A

Elastin and collagen. Elastin is thin and flexible, whilst collagen is thick and strong

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7
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

A polypeptide chain with polysaccharide side chains

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8
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Can be fluid/gel/solid, is amorphous. Supports and binds cells together, as well as providing a medium for exchange

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9
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilaginous, elastic

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10
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

Covers articulate surface to reduce friction and absorb shock

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11
Q

What is the composition of hyaline?

A

Chondrocytes, with a resilient gel ground substance and fine collagen

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12
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

Forms discs and rings between joints to resist pressure

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13
Q

What is the composition of fibrocartilage?

A

Chondrocytes, with bundles of thick collagen

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14
Q

Name an example of elastic cartilage.

A

Cartilage of ear

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15
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

Provide strong attachment between structures, e.g ligaments and tendons

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16
Q

What is the composition of dense regular tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, with collagen in parallel bundles and few elastin, providing great tensile strength

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17
Q

What is dense irregular tissue?

A

Provides strength in multiple directions, e.g. joint capsules and deep fascia

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18
Q

What is the composition of dense irregular tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, with randomly arranged collagen and few elastin

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19
Q

Name an example of elastic connective tissue

A

Tissue of lungs

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20
Q

What are the three categories of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

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21
Q

What are the features of a fibrous joint?

A

Very strong, with high stability and low mobility, and no joint cavity

22
Q

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

A

The sutures of the skull

23
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary (synchondrosis), and secondary (symphysis)

24
Q

What are the features of synchondrosis?

A

Only hyaline, immobile, with no joint cavity

25
Q

What is the main function of primary cartilaginous joints?

A

Are points from which joints grow

26
Q

What is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

A

The joint between the 1st rib and sternum

27
Q

What are the features of symphysis?

A

Both hyaline and cartilage, immobile, with no joint cavity (though small amount of movement is allowed), and no direct articulations between bones

28
Q

Where are secondary cartilaginous joints found?

A

Only along the mid-line of the body

29
Q

What is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

The pubic symphysis

30
Q

What is the composition of a synovial joint?

A

Hyaline, surrounded by synovial fluid, surrounded by synovial membrane, surrounded by joint capsule

31
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates and reduces friction

32
Q

What is the purpose of the synovial membrane?

A

Holds and secretes fluid

33
Q

What are the different types of synovial joint? (6)

A

Hinge, saddle, ball and socket, plane, pivot, ellipsoid

34
Q

What movements do hinge joints allow?

A

Flexion and extension

35
Q

What are the features of hinge joints?

A

Convex articular surface which fits into concave surface on adjacent bone, with ligament on medial and lateral sides

36
Q

What is an example of a hinge joint?

A

Elbow, knee

37
Q

What movements do plane joints allow?

A

Rotation

38
Q

What are the features of a plane joint?

A

Flat or slightly curved surfaces

39
Q

What is an example of a plane joint?

A

Zygapophyseal joints

40
Q

What movements do pivot joints allow?

A

Rotation

41
Q

What are the features of a pivot joint?

A

Rounded bony process inserted into a ring of bone and ligament

42
Q

What is an example of a pivot joint?

A

Superior radioulna joint

43
Q

What movements do ellipsoid joints allow?

A

Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction

44
Q

What are the features of ellipsoid joints?

A

Convex oval on one bone inserts into concave oval in opposing bone

45
Q

What is an example of an ellipsoid joint?

A

Wrist

46
Q

What movements do saddle joints allow?

A

Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction. Can passively move in transverse plane

47
Q

What are the features of saddle joints?

A

First articular surface convex in one direction, concave in other. Second surface is complementary

48
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

Thumb

49
Q

What movements do ball and socket joints allow?

A

All

50
Q

What is another word for ball and socket?

A

Enthrosis

51
Q

What is an example of a ball and socket joint?

A

Hip and shoulder

Anatomy Year 1 (21 decks)

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