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Biology (Nora) > Movement through cell membranes > Flashcards

Movement through cell membranes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell membranes are

A

Semi permeable

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2
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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3
Q

Diffusion takes place along a

A

Concentration gradient

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4
Q

Example of diffusion in plants

A

Carbon dioxide diffusion into a leaf and oxygen diffusion out of a leaf through the stomata

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5
Q

Example of diffusion in humans

A

Oxygen diffusion from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffusing out of the blood into the alveoli

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6
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

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7
Q

Does osmosis require energy

A

No it’s passive

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8
Q

Does diffusion require energy

A

No it’s a passive process

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9
Q

Osmosis is a

A

Special type of diffusion

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10
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid that dissolves other substances eg. water

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11
Q

Solute

A

A substance that has been dissolved eg. Salt dissolved in water

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12
Q

Solution

A

The mixture of solvent and the solute eg. Salty water

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13
Q

Salty water

A

Solution

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14
Q

Water

A

Solvent

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15
Q

Salt

A

Solute

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16
Q

Animal cell membranes are …

A

Semi permeable

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17
Q

Water can move in and out of cell by osmosis depending on

A

The water concentration in the cell compare to its external environment

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18
Q

If a cell is surrounded by a solution with a higher water concentration
And what will happen

A

Water will move into the cell by osmosis and it will swell up

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19
Q

If a cell is surrounded by a solution with the same water content concentration

A

Osmosis will not occur

20
Q

If a cell is surrounded by a solution with lower concentration of water

A

Water will pass out of the cell by osmosis and the cell will shrink

21
Q

Plant cell membrane

A

Semi-permeable

22
Q

Cell wall is

A

Fully permeable

23
Q

Turgid or turgid pressure

A

The pressure of the cytoplasm and vacuole against the cell wall of a plant

24
Q

If an plant cell is surrounded by a solution with a higher water concentration (long

A

Water will pass out of the cell by osmosis
Cytoplasm and vacuole swell and push out on cell wall
Wall becomes stretched and rigid
Cell is very firm -turgid

25
Q

What is turgid important for

A

Gives support in plants

26
Q

By doesn’t a plant cell burst instead of becoming turgid

A

It’s cell wall prevents that

27
Q

Plasmolysis

A

The shrinkage or the cell content due to loss of water by osmosis

28
Q

If a plant cell is surrounded by a solution of the same water content

A

Osmosis will not occur

29
Q

If a plant cell is surrounded by a solution with a lower water concentration (long)

A

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis
Vacuole shrinks
Membrane comes away from cell wall
Cell is plasmolysed and flaccid

30
Q

How is plasmolysis reversible

A

Placing the plant in water as water will enter the cells by osmosis

31
Q

What happens to a plasmolised plant?

A

It wilts

32
Q

How is food preservation osmosis

A

Food soaked in salty solutions (or sugar)
Water out of microorganisms cells into food
Cells become plasmolised
Prevents their growth

33
Q

2 plant examples of osmosis

A

Absorption of water by plant root epidermal cells

Absorption of water by germinating seeds

34
Q

2 animal examples of osmosis

A

Absorption of water in the intestine

Re absorbtion of water in the kidney tubule (nephron)

35
Q

Osmoregulation

A

The maintenance of water and sat balance in body fluids

36
Q

Human osmoregulation example

A

Kidneys ate osmoregulation you organs

37
Q

Non human example of osmoregulation

A

In amoeba the contractile vacuoles regulate the water balance

38
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which large particles are engulfed (eaten) by the cell and become incorporated into a vacuole within the cell

39
Q

Example of phagocytosis

A

Feeding in amoeba by pseudopods

Food into food vacuole

40
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of a substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

41
Q

How is active transport different to diffusion (2)

A

Against a concentration gradient.

Requires energy.

42
Q

Where does the energy for active transport come from

A

In the form of ATP generated inside the mitochondria

43
Q

Example of active transport in plants

A

Absorption of minerals eg.magnesium by root epidermal cells

44
Q

Example of active transport in animals

A

Reabsorption of saltine the nephron of the kidneys

45
Q

How do plant cells remain turgid fora considerable period of time

A

Keep absorbing water

46
Q

Water enters the outermost cells of the root by diffusion, what does this tell you about the cell shape of these cells?

A

Lower water concentration than soil

47
Q

Why is osmosis a special type of diffusion

A

Still movement of substance from high concentration to low concentration - just specific to water

Biology (Nora) (18 decks)

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