Cell Diversity Flashcards
Tissues
Groups of similar cells modified for a particular function
Epithelial tissue
Covers the internal and external surfaces of the body eg.skin
4 types of animal tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Connective tissue
Cartilage and bone, blood, tendons and ligaments
Muscular tissue
Can contract
Found in muscles
Nervous tissue
Made up of nerve cells called neurons
What does connective tissue consist of
A number kid cells spread out in a matrix that is produced by the connective cells
Function of connective tissue
Joins and supports body structures
Example of connective tissue and why
Blood
Made of red cells white cells and platelets all suspended in matrix called plasma
Nervous tissue consist of
Nerve cells called neurons adapted to carry electrical impulses to and from the brain
Organs
Structures composed of a number of different tissues that work together for a particular function
Organ system
A number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
What does the circulatory system consist of
Heart Blood vessels Blood Lymph Lymph vessels
Biological organisation and example
Cell - tissue Tissue - blood Organ - heart Organ system - circulatory Organism - human
Tissue culture
The growth of tissues in a sterile nutrient medium outside of an organism
In-Vito
Inside the body
In vitro
In glass
Growing tissue in an artificial environment in the laboratory
Suitable conditions for tissue culturing
Sterile conditions Nutrients Oxygen Growth factors and hormones pH
Nutrients needed for tissue culturing
Glucose
Vitamins
Minerals
Why are sterile conditions necessary for tissue culturing?
The growth of microorganisms and the accumulation of their waste products can print the growth of, or kill, the tissue
3 uses of tissue culturing
Cancer research
Skin grafts
Micropropagation
Cancer research as a use of tissue culturing
Cancer cells can be grown in large numbers so that scientists can discover make about their structure and how they work
This may lead to the development of me cancer treatments and cures
Skin grafts as a use of tissue culturing
Can be use to grow new skin for burn victims
Stems cells can be used to grow new skin. Stem cells can be embryonic ( from the early embryo) o from adults (in bone marrow)
These stem cells can develop into other body tissues
Micropropagation of plants as a use of tissue culturing
Growing large numbers or plants from very small pieces or plant tissue
Cut into small pieces
Grows by mitosis on a suitable medium in the lab
Forms callous (clump of cells)
Nutrients (growth regulators eg.auxin) cause callous to form young plant
Can be transplanted when large enough into soil
Benefits of micropropagation
Large number in short time
Genetically identical
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