Movement of the shoulder Flashcards
What are the bones of the shoulder girdle?
scapula, clavicle, manubrium, sternum, humerus
What are the four joints of the shoulder girdle?
- sternoclaviclar joint
- acromioclavicular joint
- glenohumeral joint
- scapulothoracic joint
Sternoclavicular joint
- saddle joint
- flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, some rotation
Acromioclavicular joint
- plane
- gliding, small amounts of movement, stable
- keeps relationship between clavicle and scapula in elevation of UL
- prevents anterior displacement of clavicle
Glenohumeral joint
- ball and socket
- most mobile, therefore unstable (shallow)
- keeps bicep in place
Scapulohumeral rhythm
combination of movements in the joints of the shoulder girdle
What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles of the upper limb?
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- subclavius
- serratus anterior
What are the posterior axio-appendicular muscles of the upper limb?
- trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids minor
- rhomboids major
- lattissumis dorsi
What are the scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb?
- deltoid
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- teres major
- subscapularis
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
Pectoralis major
P: Clavicular head: medial 1/2 of clavicle. Sternal head: anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages
D: lateral lip of intertubecular sulcus of humerus
Action: adduction and internal rotation of humerus. Clavicular: flexes humerus. Sternal: extends humerus from flexed
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerve
Pectoralis minor
P: anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages
D: coracoid process
Action: draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly against thorax, stabilises scapula
Serratus anterior
P: external lateral surface of ribs 1-8
D: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Action: protracts (punching movement) and upwardly rotates scapula; stabilsies scapula against thoracic wall
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Trapezius
P: superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12
D: spine of scpaula, lateral 1/3 clavicle
Action: moves scapular. Descending (superior): elevation and upward rotation. Middle: retraction. Ascending (inferior): depress, rotate
Innervation: accessory nerve
Latissimus dorsi
P: spinous process T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), inferior 3.4 ribs, iliac crest
D: floor of intertubecular sulcus of humerus
Action: adduction, extension, internal rotation of GHJ
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Levator scapulae
P: transverse processes C1-4
D: superior angle, medial border, base (root) of spine of scapula
Action: elevate scapula, side flexion of neck, control scapula in UL movement
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor
P: spinous processes C7-T1, nuchal ligament
D: medial border on base of spine of scapula
Action: retract and rotate scapula, fix scapula to throacic wall
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid major
P: spinous processes T2-5
D: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Action: retract and rotate scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Deltoid
P: lateral 1/3 clavicle (anterior), acromion (middle), scapular spine (posterior)
D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abduction, flexion, extension, of GHJ
Innervation: axillary nerve
Supraspinatus
P: supraspinatous fossa
D: greater tubercle of humerus (superior)
Action: initiates and assists abduction in GHJ, stabilsies head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus
P: infraspinous fossa
D: greater tubercle of humerus (middle)
Action: external rotation of GHJ, stabilises head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Teres minor
PL middle part of lateral border of scapula
D: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior)
Action: external rotationof GHJ, stabilises head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Innervation: axillary nerve
Subscapularis
P: subscapular fossa
D: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotation of GHJ, stabilise head of humerus in glenoid fossa
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Teres major
P: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
D: medial life of intertubecular sulcus of humerus
Action: adduction and medial rotation of GHJ
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
