Movement of the Ankle Flashcards
What are the three sections of the talus?
head, neck, body
What are the three components of the ankle joints?
trochlea of talus, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus
What is the proper name of the ankle joint?
tarocrural joint
What type of joint is the tarocrural joint?
hinge synovial
What is pes valgus?
pronation, rolling in
What is pes varus?
supination, rolling out
Where does the talus fit in the ankle joint?
fits loosely into malleolar mortise formed by distal ends of tibia and fibula
What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?
anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
What are the medial (deltoid) ligaments of the ankle?
anterior tibiotalar part, posterior tibiotalar part, tibionavicular part, tibiocalcaneal part
What are the tibiofibular joints?
proximal tibiofibular joint (plane)
distal tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis/fibrous)
What are the superficial posterior muscles of the leg?
gastrocnemus, soleus, plantaris
What are the deep posterior muscles of the leg?
popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucus longus
What are the anterior muscles of the leg?
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
What are the lateral muscles of the leg?
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
Gastrocnemius
P: lateral: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
D: calcaneal tendon - posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: knee flexion, ankle plantarflexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Solues
P: posterior aspect of head of fibula, soleal line, middle 1/3 medial border of tibia
D: calcaneal tendon - posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: ankle plantarflexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Plantartis
P: lateral supracondylar line of femur
D: calcaneal tendon - posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: weak plantarlexor
Innervation: tibial nerve
Popliteus
P: lateral surface of lateral condyles of femur
D: posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
Action: unlocks knee
Innervation: tibial nerve
Popliteal fossa
endangerment site
medial border of biceps femoris, lateral borders of semitendinosus + semimembranosus, lateral border of medial head of gastrocnemium, medial border of lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
Tibialis posterior
P: IOM, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and posterior surface of fibula
D: tuberosity of navicular and across the plantar surface of the foot to the base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
Action: ankle plantarflexion and inversion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus
P: medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
D: plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Action: flexion of lateral 4 digits and ankle plantarflexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
P: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, inferior IOM
D: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux
Action: flexion of hallux, weak ankle plantarflexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Tibialis anterior
P: inferior anterior surface of fibula and IOM
D: dorsum of distal phalanx of hallux
Action: ankle dorsiflexion and hallux extension
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus
P: lateral condyle of tibia, superior surface of fibula and IOM
D: dorsum of middle and distal phalanges 2-5
Action: ankle dorsiflexion and extension of digits 2-5
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Fibularis tertius
P: inferior anterior surface of fibular and IOM
D: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Action: ankle dorsiflexion, eversion
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Fibularis longus
P: head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
D: plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Action: ankle eversion and plantarflexion
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis
P: inferior 2/3 lateral surface of fobula
D: lateral surface of base of 5th metatarsal
Action: ankle eversion, plantarflexion
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
