Movement of the Pelvis Flashcards
What are the functions of the pelvis?
Weight transference and a connection point
What is the pelvis girdle?
The ring of bone formed by the two hip bones and sacrum.
How is the female and male pelvis’ different?
Males have a narrower pelvis whilst females have a wider pelvis.
What is the angle of inclination? How does it differ through out life?
The angle the femur and hip bone make. In adults it is roughly 126 degrees, while babies have a larger angle (135 degrees) because not much stress has been placed on the joints. Elderly people have a smaller angle. This places extra pressure on the head of the femur, causing pain and pressure.
What is the difference between vara and valga?
Vara is a deformity of the hip joint where there is a decreased angle whilst valga is an increased angle
What types of joints are the sacro-iliac and hip joint?
Synovial joints
What types of joints are the sacro-coccygeal, pubic symphesis and lumbrosacral joints?
Fibrocartilage - secondary cartilage between joints
Why is the hip joint so stable?
- contains three capsular ligaments
- cartilagenous ring (acetabular labrum)
- articular surfaces which aid in gliding and sliding as well as suction and negative pressure
- deep socket, and the head fits very well
What is the acetebular labrum?
- mainly fibrocartilage
- enhances stability
- maintains negative intra-cellular pressure (suction)
What are bursae?
slippery sacks found in synovial joints that aid in sliding and gliding; they become inflammed and filled with excess fluid when overused
What is the lumbosacral plexus?
A complex network of nerves which mix and match. A redundancy is created to ensure that if any nerves are damaged, electrical signals will still get sent to the muscles
What are the 7 muscular regions of the lower limb?
iliac region, gluteal region, medial thigh region, anterior thigh region, posterior thigh muscles, leg muscles, foot muscles
What are the muscles of the iliac region?
psoas minor, psoas major, illiacus
What are the muscles of the gluteal region?
tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, gemelli superior, gemelli inferior, quadratus femoris
What are the muscles of the medial thigh region?
pectineus, gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus
What is a proximal attachment?
origin
What is a distal attachment?
insersion
Psoas minor
P: lateral sides of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervertebral (IV) disc
D: pectin pubic and iliopectineal eminence
Action: weak trunk flexor and hip stabiliser
NS: 1st lumbar nerve
Psoas major
P: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies of vertebrae T12-L5 and IV discs in between
D: lesser trochanter of femur
Action: hip/trunk flexion
NS: anterior (motor) rami of lumbar nerves L1-L3
Iliacus
P: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and sacro-iliac ligaments
D: pectin pubis and iliopectineal eminence
Action: hip flexion and stabilise hip
NS: femoral nerve
Pectineus
P: superior ramus of the pubis
D: pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter
Action: adducts and flexes hip, assist medial rotation of hip
NS: femoral nerve
Gracilis
P: body and inferior ramus of publis
D: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
Action: hip adduction, knee flexion, medial rotation
NS: obturator nerve
Adductor longus
P: lateral aspect of body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
D: middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
Action: hip adduction
NS: obturator nerve
Adductor brevis
P: body and inferior ramus of pubis
D: pectineal line and proximal part of linear aspera of femur
Action: hip adduction
NS: obturator nerve
Adductor magnus
P: (adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium); (hamstring: ischial tuberosity)
D: (adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line); (hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur)
Action: hip adduction and extension
NS: obturator nerve
Obturator externus
P: external margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
D: trochantor fossa of femur
Action: hip lateral rotation and stabilise hip
NS: obturator nerve
Tensor fascia latae
P: anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest
D: ilio-tibial band which attaches to the antero-lateral tubercle of tibia
Gluteus maximus
P: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, forsal lower sacrum and coccyx, erector spinae aponeurosis and sacrotuberous ligament
D: iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity
Action: hip extention and lateral rotation
NS: inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
P: external surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
D: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip extension, abduction, keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg
Gluteus minimus
P: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
D: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip abduction and medial rotation
NS: superior gluteal nerve
Which muscles are involved in stabilisation of the hip joint?
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator externus
Piriformis
P: anterior surface of sacrum
D: duperior border of breater trochanter of femur
Action: hip lateral rotation
NS: branches of anterior rami of S1 + S2
Superior gemellus
P: ischial spine
D: trochanter fossa of femur
Action: hip lateral rotation
NS: nerve to obturator internus
Obturator internus
P: internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
D: trochanteric fossa of femur
Action: hip lateral rotation
NS: nerve to obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
P: ischial tuberosity
D: trochanteric fossa of femur
Action:hip lateral rotation
NS: nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris
P: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
D: quadrate tubercle
Action: hip lateral rotation
NS: nerve to quadratus femoris
