Movement of the Elbow and Wrist Flashcards
What type of joint is the elbow?
synovial hinge –> flexion and extension
What are the articulations of the elbow joint?
- humero-ulnar
- humero-radial
- proximal radio-ulnar
What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
- radial collateral ligament: lat epicondyles of humerus to anular ligament of radius, prevents varus
- ulna collateral ligament: med epicondyle of humerus to coiracoid process and olecranon of ulna, prevents valgus
- anular ligaments of radius: encircles and holds radial head in radial notch of ulna
What are the anterior arm muscles?
biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
P: Long: supraglenoid tubercle of scap. Short: coracoid process of scap
D: radial tuberosity
A: forearm supination, elbow flexion, shoulder flex, elbow flex
I: musculocutaneous
Brachialis
P: ant surface distal 1/2 humerus
D: coracoid process, ulna tuberosity
A: elbow flex (prime mover)
I: musculocutaneous and radial
Coracobrachialis
P: coracoid process of scap
D: middle 1/3 med surface of humerus
A: shoulder flex, add
I: musculocutaneous
What are the muscles of the posterior arm?
triceps brachii, anconeus
Triceps brachii
P: Long: infragenoid tubercle of scap. Lat: posterior humerus sup to radial groove. Med: post humerus inf to radial groove
D: olecranon process of ulna
A: elbow extension
I: radial
anconeus
P: lat epicondyle of humerus
D: olecranon process and sup post surface of ulna
A: elbow ext, dynamic stabiliser of elbow
I: radial
What are the muscles of the anterior forearm?
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator teres
Pronator teres
P: med epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
D: lat surface proximal radius
A: forearm pronation and elbow flexion
I: median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: palmar surface of base of 2nd metacarpal
A: wrist flexion and radial deviation (abd)
I: median
Palmaris longus
P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: wrist flexion
I: median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: palmar durface of pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
A: wrist flexion and ulnar deviation (abd)
I: ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
P: med epicondyle of humerus
D: sides of shafts of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion at wrist, metacarpalphangeal and prix interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
I: median
Flexor digitorum profundus
P: prox ant med surface of ulna and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: distal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2-5
I: ulna and ant interosseous nerve
Flexor pollicis longus
P: ant surface radius and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal phalange of 1st digit
A: metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion at 1st digit
I: anterior interosseous nerve
Prontator quadratus
P: prox ant med surface ulna and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: distal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2-5
I: ulnar and anterior interosseous nerves
Proximal radio-ulnar joint
- synovial plane
- anular ligament, head of radius and radial notch of ulna
- pronation and supination
Distal radio-ulnar joint
- synovial pivot
- head of ulna, ulna notch of radius, articular disc
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint
- synovial condyloid
- palmar radiocarpal, dorsal radiocarpal, ulna collateral, radiocollateral
- flex and ext, radial-ulnar deviation (abd + add)
