Movement of the Knee

Question 1

What are the two joints of the knee?

Answer 1

femoraltibial and femoralpatellar joints

Question 2

What is the classification of the knee? Why?

Answer 2

compound condylar joint

Question 3

What are the movements of the knee?

Answer 3

flexion and extension and rotation (only when flexed)

Question 4

What are the two intra-articular structures of the knee?

Answer 4

cruciate ligaments and menisci

Question 5

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 5

limits anterior displacement of the tibia on femur

Question 6

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 6

limits posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

Question 7

What are menisci?

Answer 7

deepen articulation, absorb shock, migrate to accomodate rolling and rotation of femoral condyles

Question 8

What are the menisci of the knee?

Answer 8

medial and lateral menisci

Question 9

Which ligament stabilies the lateral aspect of the knee?

Answer 9

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament, assisted by the iliotibial tract

Question 10

What are the attachments of the ACL?

Answer 10

anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and the posterior part of the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 11

What are the attachments of the PCL?

Answer 11

posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and the anterior part of the medial surface of the medial femoral condyle

Question 12

What are the attachments of the medial meniscus?

Answer 12

anterior intercondylar area of the tibia anterior to the ACL

Question 13

What are the attachments of the lateral meniscus?

Answer 13

intercondylar fossa lateral to the ACL and intercondylar fossa anterior to the medial meniscus

Question 14

Which ligament stabilizes the medial aspect of the knee?

Answer 14

tibial (medial) collateral ligament, assisted by the pen anserius

Question 15

Which ligament stabilizes the anterior aspect of the knee?

Answer 15

patellar tendon/ligament

Question 16

Which ligaments stabilize the posterior aspect of the knee?

Answer 16

oblique poplital and arcuate popliteal ligament

Question 17

What are the attachments of the fibular collateral ligament?

Answer 17

lateral epicondyle of femur and lateral surface of fibular head

Question 18

What are the attachments of the tibial collateral ligament?

Answer 18

medial epicondyle of femur and superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

Question 19

What are the attachments of the patella tendon/ligament?

Answer 19

Apex of the patella and the tibial tuberosity

Question 20

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Answer 20

sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, articularis genu

Question 21

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?

Answer 21

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Question 22

Sartorius

Answer 22

P: ASIS
D: anterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
Action: synergist for hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, knee flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 23

Rectus femoris

Answer 23

P: ASIS
D: quads tendon - patella - patellar tendon - tibial tuberosity
Action: hip flexion and knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 24

Vastus medialis (oblique) VMO

Answer 24

P: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linear aspera of femur
D: quad tendon - patella - patellar tendon - tibial tuberosity
Action: knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 25

Vastus lateralis

Answer 25

P: greater trochanter and lateral lip of linear aspera
D: quads tendon - patella - patellar tendon - tibial tuberosity
Action: knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 26

Vastus intermedius

Answer 26

P: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
D: quads tendon - patella - patellar tendon - tibial tuberosity
Action: knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve

Question 27

Biceps femoris

Answer 27

P: Long head: medial upper quadrant of ischial tuberosoty. Short head: linear aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
D: lateral side of head of fibula
Action: hip extension, knee flexion, lateral rotation
Innervation: tibial and common fibular divisions of sciatic nerve

Question 28

Semitendinosus

Answer 28

P: medial inferior quadrant of ischial tuberosity
D: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
Action: hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 29

Semimembranosus

Answer 29

P: upper lateral quadrant of ischial tuberosity
D: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
Action: hip extension and knee flexion
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 30

Pes anserius

Answer 30

‘gooses foot’
common insertions: gracilis, sartorius, semitendosus
functions: stabilise medial aspect of extended knee