Movement Lecture 5 Flashcards
Basal Ganglia is composed of?
Subcortical Nuclei
Basal Ganglia contribute to a series of parallel circuits from?
Cerebral cortex - Basal Ganglia - Thalamus - Cerebral Cortex
The region of the cerebral cortex at the beginning and end of the circuit determines?
The function of the circuit
What pathways exist within the basal ganglia?
Direct and Indirect pathways
Basal Ganglia has no direct output to?
the lower motor neurons of the brainstem or spinal cord
Basal ganglia is involved in?
Modulating motor and non-motor behaviors, such as cognitive and emotional processes
Basal Ganglia balance between
inhibition and disinhibition of thalamocortical pathways
Based on function, Basal Ganglia includes neuron cell bodies in?
telecephalon, diencephalon, and midbrain
Striatum refers to?
Caudate & Putamen
Caudate, Putamen, and Globus Pallidus all located in?
Telecephalon
Substantia Nigra is located in?
Midbrain
What are the input nuclei of the Basal Ganglia? (where information comes into the telecephalon)
Caudate & Putamen
What is the neurotransmitter of Medium Spiny Projection neurons?
GABA
What do Medium Siny Projection neurons do?
Transiently inhibit targets
Location of Caudate & Putamen
Telencephalon between lateral ventricle and the temporal cortex
What is Striatum separated by? And what is the orientation of caudate and putamen?
Striatum is separated by internal capusle
Caudate lies medial
Putamen lies lateral
What are the inputs of Caudate & Putamen?
- Cerebral Cortex: Excitatory (Glutamate)
- Substantia Nigra: Pars Compacta - Excitatory or Inhibitory (Dopamine)
What are the outputs of Caudate & Putamen?
Globus Pallidus
Substantia Nigra - Pars Reticulata
Globus Pallidus has two segments that are separated by?
White matter
Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus
Output nucleis of the basal ganglia
What is the external segement of Globus Pallidus?
Internal circuitry
Location of Globus Pallidus
In the telecephalon, medial to the putamen, lateral to the internal capsule
What is the composition of Globus Pallidus?
Neurons that spontaneously release GABA
Tonically inhibit target
Inputs of Globus Pallidus
- Striatum (Inhibitory)
- Subthalamus nucleus ( Excitatory - Glutamate)
Outputs of Globus Pallidus
- Internal Segment: thalamus
- External Segment: Subthalamic nuleus
Location of the Subthalamic Nucleus
Diencephalon, part of the ventral thalamus
What is the composition of Subthalamic Nucleus?
Neurons with little spontaneous activity that releases glutamate
What is the difference of subthalamic nucleus compared to Striatum & Globus Pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus releases glutamate, and transiently excite targets
