Exam 3 final review Flashcards
Inputs of Striatum
Cerebral cortex - GABA (inhibitory)
Substantia Nigra - Pars Compacta - Excitatory or Inhibitory (Dopamine)
Outputs of Striatum
Globus Pallidus
Substantia Nigra - Pars reticulata
Inputs of Globus Pallidus
Striatum - Inhibitory (GABA)
Subthalamic Nucleus - Excitatory (Glutamate)
Outputs of Globus Pallidus
Internal Segments - Striatum
External Segments - Subthalamic Nucleus
Input of Subthalamic Nucleus
Globus Pallidus - External Segments - Inhibitory (GABA)
Output of Subthalamic Nucleus
Globus Pallidus - Internal Segment
Inputs of Substantia Nigra
Striatum - Inhibitory (GABA)
Globus Pallidus - Inhibitory (GABA)
Outputs of Substantia Nigra
Pars Compacta - Striatum - Modulates inputs from the cerebral cortex
Pars Reticulata - Superior Colliculus - Neural control of saccade
Dendritic tree of Purkinje Layer
Projects into molecular layer, receives input from Parallel fibers of Granule cells and afferent climbing fibers
Axon of Purkinje Layer
Projects into vestibular or cerebellar nuclei
Purkinje cells
Only efferent neurons of the cortex: leaving the cerebellar cortex
Superior Peduncles
Output to the thalamus and brainstem (motor cortices and upper motor neurons)
Middle Peduncles
Input from the pontine nuclei (from the motor cortices)
Inferior Peduncles
Input from the brainstem and spinal cord (sensory)
Pontine Nuclei
Information about intended movement
Internal feedback
Sensory input to the cerebellum
Information about actual movement
external feedback
Inferior Olivary Nucleus receives input from
Cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord
Output of Cerebellum
Motor Cortex
Brainstem
no direct output to the lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord
Input of Primary somatomotor cortex
Premotor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex & posterior parietal cortex
Basal ganglia & cerebellum
Output of Primary somatomotor cortex
descending system
Input of Premotor cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex & posterior parietal cortex
Output of Premotor cortex
Primary motor cortex
Brainstem
Spinal Cord
Input of Posterior Parietal Cortex
Primary Somatosensory cortex
visual association cortex
Output of Posterior Parietal Cortex
Primarily premotor cortex
Origin of Corticospinal
Primary Somatomotor Cortex
Premotor and supplementary motor areas
Primary Somatosensory cortex
Superior Parietal Lobule
Cingulate Gyrus
Hypokinetic
- lack of disinhibition of the thalamus by the direct pathway
- Increased inhibition of the thalamus by the indirect pathway
Hyperkinetic
Disruption of the indirect pathway
Input of Vestibulocerebellum
Vestibular neuron & nuclei, visual
Output of Vesstibulocerebellum
Vestibular nuclei, Reticular nuclei, superior colliculus
Input of Cerebrocerebellum
Pontine Nuclei, Inferior Olive Nucleus
Output of Cerebrocerebellum
Motor cortices, Red nucleus
Outputs of Cerebellar cortex
- Motor Cortices
- Brainstem
Dysdiadochokinesia
unable to sustain a regular rhythm or produce an even force
Akinesia
Impairment of initiation of movement
Oculomotor Loop is involved in?
Control of saccades, by releasing the superior colliculus from inhibition
Prefrontal loop has which two separate pathways? and what are they involved in?
- Dorsolateral Prefrontal - initiation and termination of cognitive processes
- Lateral Orbitofrontal - mediation of empathic and socially approriate behavior