movement in and out of a cell

Question 1

What causes simple diffusion

Answer 1

The colliding of particles result in a net movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration .

Question 2

Diffusion exists where

Answer 2

A concentration gradient is present

Question 3

What is a concentration gradient ?

Answer 3

The difference in concentration between two regions.

Question 4

In a closed system after a while diffusion results in

Answer 4

Equilibrium

Question 5

The rate of diffusion increases

Answer 5

High concentration gradient
Heat 
Small molecules 
Surface area to volume ratio is high 
Gas

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

Maintenance of internal environment although external and internal environments may change

Question 7

Examples of internal environment

Answer 7

Tissue fluid
Plasma
Lymph

Question 8

The features of a cell that enable it to pass through a membrane

Answer 8

Size
Electrical charge
Lipid solubility

Question 9

Can ions go through membrane?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Lipid soluble molecules ( lipophilic)

Answer 10

Ester
Ether
Alcohol
Chloroform

Question 11

How does water go through ?

Answer 11

Aquaporins

Question 12

Small amounts of substances could go through by these types of diffusion

Answer 12

Simple (passive)

Active

Question 13

Large molecules could be transported through types of diffusion

Answer 13

Endocytosis - phagocytosis , pinocytosis

Exocytosis

Question 14

Special features of facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

More rapid than simple
Specific
Saturated as transport increases
Competition is created due to the fact that transport if one substance will inhibit the transport of another

Question 15

Channel protein

Answer 15

Hydrophilic
Controlled by signal systems
Three types

Question 16

Three types of channel proteins

Answer 16

Voltage gated channels
Ligand gated channels
Mechanical gated channels

Question 17

Voltage gated channels

Answer 17

Open and close in response to changes in voltage

Question 18

Ligand gated channels

Answer 18

Gates activated by special substances

Question 19

Mechanical gated channels

Answer 19

Activated by physical substances

Question 20

osmosis

Answer 20

the net passive movement of free water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 21

what does osmosis require for it to happen?

Answer 21

semi permeable membrane.

Question 22

what form is solute usually in? solvent?

Answer 22

solid, liquid

Question 23

osmotic pressure

Answer 23

is the force that is applied to prevent water from flowing into a semi permeable membrane

Question 24

osmotic potential

Answer 24

the ability of water to move from a hypotonic to a hypertonic solution

Question 25

when making a salad you shoudn’t add salt

Answer 25

as salt is hypertonic compared to the vegetables’ inner environment and therefore water will diffuse out of the vegies. this is will make the salad watery.

Question 26

Why is there a crunchy sound when biting into a celery?

Answer 26

vacuole is being broken

Question 27

isotonic

Answer 27

solute concentration is the same as the surrounding environment of the cell

Question 28

turgor pressure

Answer 28

the pressure AGAINST the cell wall of plants, fungi, bacteria and some protists by the water flowing in

Question 29

when an animals cell is placed into a hypertonic solution the result is called

Answer 29

laking or crenation

Question 30

when the animal cell is placed into a hypotonic solution the cell may be called

Answer 30

undergoing haemolysis

Question 31

what is the advantage of turgor pressure for plants?

Answer 31

allows plants to be strong and allows stomata to be open.

Question 32

why does strawberry jam not be spoilt when it is left open for a long time whereas milk is?

Answer 32

Strawberry jam is saturated with sugar. therefore it is hypertonic and therefore do not allow bacteria to grow on it as the cells are dehydrated.

Milk on the other hand, is not hypertonic and therefore does have a suitable environment to for bacteria to grow

Question 33

what is the difference between incipient and full plasmolysis ?

Answer 33

incipient plasmolysis is when plant cell is able to recover from its state. only the vacuole shrink.

Question 34

when is a cell flaccid?

Answer 34

cell shrinks when water leaves out of it.

Question 35

active transport - some facts

Answer 35

1) carrier proteins can attach themselves to molecules and ions and convey them to the cytoplasm.
2) takes place in places where aerobic respiration happens
3) temperature, oxygen concentration may influence

Question 36

What is active transport?

Answer 36

movement of substances across membranes that require an expenditure of energy.

Question 37

molarity

Answer 37

concentration of a substance

Question 38

the two main mechanisms that are used by active transport

Answer 38

1 - direct pumping coupled to ATP
2 - diffusion of one molecule down its electrogradient gradient is used to pump a second molecule against its electrochemical gradient.

Question 39

bigger or smaller organisms have higher metabolic rates?

Answer 39

smaller

Question 40

endotherms or ectotherms have higher metabolic rates?

Answer 40

endotherms

warm blooded

Question 41

do endotherms or ectotherms have more permeable membranes?

Answer 41

endotherms

Question 42

which fatty acids are essential to have a high metabolism?

Answer 42

omega 3, omega 6

Question 43

reverse osmosis

Answer 43

pressure is applied to a highly concentrated solution to cause the solvent to diffuse to the lowly concentrated solution.