Enzymes

Question 0

What type of proteins are enzymes ?

Answer 0

Globular

Question 1

Why do reactions increase their rate due to temperature ?

Answer 1

More kinetic energy

More collision between substrate and active site

Question 2

Why are enzymes important ?

Answer 2

They sustain life by ensuring that metabolic functions occur at faster rates, by lowering the activation energy level of biochemical processes.

Question 3

Characteristics of an enzyme

Answer 3

Globular
Tertiary 
Substrate specific
Needed in Small quantities 
Could be recycled 
Does not change the direction of a reactio

Question 4

What is the purpose of anabolic and catabolic reactions ?

Answer 4

To maintain balance - homeostasis

Question 5

Exergonic reaction

Answer 5

Release energy

Question 6

Endergonic

Answer 6

Absorb energy

Question 7

Why is the active site so smaller than the enzyme ?

Answer 7

Protects the enzyme from free water molecules as active site contains r groups that may be hydrophilic.
Protects from external environment

Question 8

Enzymes have varying degrees of specificity ?

Answer 8

Some have absolute specificity and bind to on but bind to no more than one.

Question 9

The lock and key model

Answer 9

Only substrates with a complementary shape to the enzymes will bind with enzyme

Question 10

How does heat denature enzymes?

Answer 10

Heat changes the shape of the enzyme which therefore is unable to bind to its specific substrate.

Question 11

How is a substrate complementary to its enzyme?

Answer 11

Shape
Charge
Hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature

Question 12

What amino acids line the active site ?

Answer 12

Substrate binding amino acids

Catalytic amino acids

Question 13

Coenzyme

Answer 13

Helper molecules of enzymes which bind to the apoenzyme temporarily to activate an enzyme

Question 14

Examples of coenzymes

Answer 14

NAD
FAD
Actyl

Question 15

There are two types of amino acids in the active site , what are they!

Answer 15

Substrate binding amino acids

Catalytic amino acids

Question 16

What does a substrate binding amino acid do

Answer 16

Bind to substrate

Question 17

What does a catalytic amino acid do

Answer 17

Make or break bonds

Question 18

There are two types of enzymes

Answer 18

Protein only enzyme

Apoenzyme

Question 19

What is an apoenzyme

Answer 19

Has partially protein in its active site but it needs a coenzyme to bind it in its apoenzyme part.

Question 20

Cofactors

Answer 20

Some enzymes need a cofactors or a particular ion for their activity.

Question 21

Prosthetic group

Answer 21

Tightly bonded part of an enzyme .

Question 22

Enzymes that involve in synthesis of reactions are said to be facilitating a

Answer 22

Anabolic reaction.

Question 23

Anabolic reactions are

Answer 23

Endergonic reaction

Question 24

Enzymes that involve in breaking down bonds are said to be facilitating a

Answer 24

Catabolic reaction

Question 25

Catabolic reactions are

Answer 25

Exergonic

Question 26

Feedback inhibition

Answer 26

This is when a product of an enzyme in a series of the biochemical process does not get consumed by another reaction so it accumulates and binds to the allosteric site of the first enzyme and therefore stops the entire process from progressing further

Question 27

Effect of PH on active site

Answer 27

Changes the charges of the amino acid residues

Question 28

What happens to enzymes when you increase the acidity?

Answer 28

H+ ions are increased COOH- will become COOH No COOH (carboxyll groups for enzymes to join with.

Question 29

What happens when you increase the ph of enzymes' environment

Answer 29

More OH- ions Add to NH+3 to make NH2 No attraction between COOH- and NH3 .

Question 30

Inactive precursors

Answer 30

Are enzymes which can attack the cell itself so are produced in the inactive form by the cells

Question 31

Induced fit hypothesis

Answer 31

Shape of the active site varies slightly from that of the substrate and the two fit only after contact when the substrate induces a complementary shape

Question 32

Reversible inhibitors

Answer 32

Competitive Non competitive Mixed Uncompetitive

Question 33

Irreversible inhibitors

Answer 33

Permanently modify the enzyme

Question 34

Uses of inhibitors

Answer 34

``` Poison- used for defense (Artificial inhibitors are used for ;) Drugs Pesticides Herbicide Metabolic control ```

Question 35

How can the effects of inhibitors be overcomed?

Answer 35

Increasing the substrate

Question 36

Is the shape of the sure as substrate similar for a competitive or non competitive person ?

Answer 36

Competitive for similar | Non competitive have different shapes

Question 37

Where does a non competitive inhibitor bind to in an enzyme ?

Answer 37

Allosteric site

Question 38

Galactosemia

Answer 38

Galactose cannot be converted into glucose 1 phosphate which is an intermediate compound of galactose

Question 39

Lactose intolerant

Answer 39

Enzyme lactase cannot be produced

Question 40

PKU Phenylketonuria

Answer 40

Phenylaune hydroxylase enzyme is missing.