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biology unit 3 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

0
Q

How is this energy stored?

A

ATP molecules

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1
Q

What is cellular respiration ?

A

Cellular respiration is the process by which organic compounds are broken down sequentially to produce energy that is usually immediately

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2
Q

Why is energy stored in ATP molecules ?

A

Because they are in small quantities and are readily available.

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3
Q

How is ATP made (equation )

A

ADP + Pi+ energy -> ATP + water

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4
Q

What enzyme is need to synthesise ATP ?

A

ATP synthase.

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5
Q

How is ATP broken down for it to be used(equation ) ?

A

ATP +water -> ADP + Pi+energy

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6
Q

What enzyme is needed to breakdown ATP ?

A

ATP ase

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7
Q

What is phosphorylation ?

A

The adding of inorganic phosphate molecule

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8
Q

Which human cells need to produce large amounts of ATP ?

A

Cardiac muscle cells

Lung cells

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9
Q

Why do organisms require energy ?

A

To carry out metabolic activities needed for organisms to function

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10
Q

Does anaerobic respiration require oxygen ?

A

No, but can happen in its presence.

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11
Q

What drives fermentation?

A

NADH

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12
Q

What is the initial stage of anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

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13
Q

How much energy does glycolysis produce ?

A

2 ATP

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14
Q

In glycolysis what are the inputs?

A

Glucose

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15
Q

In glycolysis, what are the outputs?

A

2 pyruvates
2 NADH
2 ATP

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16
Q

What are the inputs in fermentation in animal cells

A

2 pyruvates

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17
Q

Outputs in animals for fermentation

A

2 lactic acid

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18
Q

Inputs for fermentation in plants, fungi , bacteria ?

A

2 pyruvates

19
Q

Outputs for plants, fungi, bacteria in fermentation ?

A

2 ethanol and 2 carbon dioxide

20
Q

Two products for fermentation

A

Bread - yeast

Wine - ethanol

21
Q

What is the purpose of fermentation ?

A

It acts as a feedback mechanism when pyruvates accumulate faster than they are being removed. Anaerobic respiration will slow down glycolysis which in turn could slow down aerobic respiration.

22
Q

Cellular respiration equation

A

C6h12o6+6o2->

36/38 ATP +6Co2+6h2o

23
Q

3 stages of aerobic respiration

A 
Glycolysis (cytosol ) 
Krebs cycle (mitochondria 's matrix ) 
Electron transfer (mitochondria's cristae)
24
Q

Outer membrane of mitochondria

A

Phospholipid

Ions, nutrients , ATP, ADP easily

25
Q

Inner membrane of mitochondria

A

Freely permeable to oxygen, c02, Water

26
Q

Inter membrane space

A

Oxidative phosphorylation happens here

Space between the two membranes

27
Q

Matrix

A

Contains enzyme for citric acid cycle

28
Q

Cells which need a lot of Mitochondrion.

A

Cardiac muscle cells.

Lung cells

29
Q

Evidence for endosymbiotic theory

A

Binary fission
Ribosomes
Circular DNA

30
Q

The endosymbiotic theory

A

Organelles were once free living bacteria that were engulfed by primitive cells. The bacteria evolved to live symbiotically with cells. This explains for choloroplasts, mitochondria

31
Q

The inputs of glycolysis

A 
2 NAD 
2 H
GLUCOSE 
2 ATP 
2 Pi
32
Q

Outputs of glycolysis

A

2 Pi
2 ATP
2 NADH

33
Q

What are the inputs of Krebs cycle

A

2 Pi +2 ADP
8 NAD +8H
2 FAD+ 2H

34
Q

Outputs of Kreb’s cycle

A

6 CO2
2 ATP
8NADH
2 FADH

35
Q

Inputs of electron transfer

A

6O2
10 NADH
2 FADH

36
Q

Outputs of electron transfer

A

6h2O
32 ATP/ 34 ATP
10 NAD+10H +10 electrons
2 FAD+2H+ 2 electrons

37
Q

Cytochromes

A

Electron carrier proteins found in inner membrane of Mitochondrion
Used in electron transport

38
Q

The inputs of glycolysis

A 
2 NAD 
2 H
GLUCOSE 
2 ATP 
2 Pi
39
Q

Outputs of glycolysis

A

2 Pi
2 ATP
2 NADH

40
Q

What are the inputs of Krebs cycle

A

2 Pi +2 ADP
8 NAD +8H
2 FAD+ 2H

41
Q

Outputs of Kreb’s cycle

A

6 CO2
2 ATP
8NADH
2 FADH

42
Q

Inputs of electron transfer

A

6O2
10 NADH
2 FADH

43
Q

Outputs of electron transfer

A

6h2O
32 ATP/ 34 ATP
10 NAD+10H +10 electrons
2 FAD+2H+ 2 electrons

44
Q

Cytochromes

A

Electron carrier proteins found in inner membrane of Mitochondrion
Used in electron transport

biology unit 3 (13 decks)

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