biochemical processes Flashcards
What is the importance of water
The dipole structure of water allows this substance to have numerous unique properties like
- low viscosity
- most common bio reagent in chemical reactions
- high specific heat
- dissolves ions
What are the differences between ATP and RNA nucleotides ?
RNA has more phosphate groups and more types of nitrogenous bases (A,U,C,G) whereas ATP has one type of bad ( adenine ) and less phosphate groups
What is the role of carbs?
Structural component of cells
Energy reserves
Cellular recognition
What is the role of lipids ?
Insulation
Concentrated energy source
Phospholipids - membrane
What is the role of proteins ?
Structural Catalytic Movement Message signalling Internal defence
What is the role of nucleic acids?
Store genetic information for the construction and functioning of the organism .
Catabolism
The breaking down of substances
Exergonic
Anabolic
Endergonic
Manufacture / synthesis of substances
Storing energy as ATP for temporary usage is good because
ATP is small and readily available
What is the difference between ATP and nucleotides
ATP had more phosphate groups
ATP only has one type of ribose sugar
Activation energy
Energy that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur.
Enzymes are
Biological catalysts
Building block - amino acid
Change the rate of reaction (speeds )
Characteristics of an enzyme?
Small quantities
Reusable
Do not participate in chemical reactions.
Specific to reaction
Their action could be intracellular or extracellular
Inhibitors
Bind to enzyme to reduce their activity
Temporary inhibitors
Fit into active site
Prevent formation of substrate
Permanent inhibitors
Prevent formation of product DENATURING enzymes
Cofactors
Help enzymes
Co enzymes
Inorganic ions
Don’t thaw meats outside
Bacterial enzymes slow down ->speed up .
High fever
Critical enzymes may get denatured
Metabolism not happening at the right times
Washing machines and got spring bacteria
High resistance to high temperature
Work optimally in machine
Enzymes that make up detergents
Specific to stains
Washing machine does not need to do anything enzymes will do the job sufficiently
Pepsin is not an effective detergent
Optimum ph and temperature .
Catalase and hydrogen peroxide equation
2h2o2 —> 2h2o+O2
How to compensate for errors ?
Repeat
Use larger quantities
