Movement analysis in sport Flashcards
Levers in our body are formed from bones, joints and muscles.
A lever consists of:
Bone
Muscle and Angular motion
Joint
Weight of body part being moved and anything that it is carrying
What is the first class lever?
First class lever – the fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load.
What is second class lever?
Second class lever – the load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort.
What is third class lever?
Third class lever – the effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and the load.
Mechanical advantage = ? ÷ ?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ resistance arm
Where the sagittal movement used?
For up and down movements
Where the frontal plane movement used?
Side to side movements
Where the transverse plane movement used?
For rotational movement
What is sagittal plane?
Sagittal plane - a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sides. Flexion and extension types of movement occur in this plane, eg kicking a football, chest pass in netball, walking, jumping, squatting.
What is transverse plane?
Transverse plane - passes through the middle of the body and divides the body horizontally in an upper and lower half. Rotation types of movement occur in this plane, eg hip rotation in a golf swing, twisting in a discus throw, pivoting in netball, spinning in skating.
What is frontal plane?
Frontal plane - passes from side to side and divides the body into the front and back. Abduction and adduction movements occur in this plane, eg jumping jack exercises, raising and lowering arms and legs sideways, cartwheel.
What is the transverse axis?
Transverse axis - this line runs from left to right through the centre of the body. For example, when a person performs a somersault they rotate around this axis.
What is the sagittal axis?
Sagittal axis - this line runs from front to back through the centre of the body. For example, when a person performs a cartwheel they are rotating about the sagittal axis.
What is the longitudinal axis?
Longitudinal axis - this line runs from top to bottom through the centre of the body. For example, when a skater performs a spin they are rotating around the longitudinal axis.
What plane of movement and axis of rotation does a forward roll take place in?
Plane – sagittal, as there is flexion and extension of the knees, elbows, neck and spine.
Axis – transverse, as there is rotation around a line running from left to right through the centre of the body.
Which feature of a human body acts as the fulcrum in all lever systems?
Muscle
Long bone
Joint
Joint
How many classifications of lever systems are there?
Four
Five
Three
Three
In which position will the fulcrum be in relation to the effort and load in a first class lever system?
On the left
In the middle
On the right
In the middle
What type of lever, useful for overcoming large loads, can be found at the ankle when a basketball player jumps for a rebound? First class lever Second class lever Third class lever
Second class lever
Which muscle contracts and acts as the effort during elbow flexion?
Triceps
Deltoid
Biceps
Biceps
What term defines the use of a lever to overcome a large load with relatively little effort?
Mechanical disadvantage
Mechanical advantage
Resistance arm
Mechanical advantage
Which plane of the human body runs from side to side and separates the human body into front and back?
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal
When a gymnast performs a forward roll, which axis are they rotating around?
Sagittal
Longitudinal
Transverse
Transverse
Which of these equations accurately describes mechanical advantage?
Effort arm + resistance arm
Resistance arm ÷ effort arm
Effort arm ÷ resistance arm
Effort arm ÷ resistance arm
Which axis, passing from the top of the head out of the bottom of the body, is rotated around during a spin in ice skating?
Longitudinal
Transverse
Sagittal
Sagittal
