Immediate, short and long term effects of exercise

Question 1

What happens to,a person when they take part in exercise?

Answer 1

When a person takes part in exercise the cardiovascular, respiratory, energy and muscular systems all work together to supply energy to the working muscles and remove waste products.

Question 2

Why is a person less likely to strain a muscle if they have warmed up before taking part in exercise?

Answer 2

Warming up increases the temperature of the muscles which makes them more pliable and therefore more likely to stretch rather than tear.

Question 3

What does pliable mean?

Answer 3

Able to increase in stretch and elasticity.

Question 4

What are the short term effects to exercise in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

Increase in stroke volume (SV); increase in heart rate (HR); increase in cardiac output (Q); increase in blood pressure (BP)

Question 5

What are the short term effects to exercise in the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Increase in breathing rate; increase in tidal volume.

Question 6

What are the short term effects to exercise in the Cardio-respiratory system?

Answer 6

Increase in oxygen uptake; increase in carbon dioxide removal.

Question 7

What are the short term effects to exercise in the energy system?

Answer 7

Increase in lactate production.

Question 8

What are the short term effects to exercise in the muscular system?

Answer 8

Increase in temperature of muscles; increased pliability.

Question 9

Name me four side effects to exercise

Answer 9

Tiredness and fatigue
Light-headedness
Nausea
Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

Question 10

What is tiredness and fatigue?

Answer 10

Tiredness and fatigue can be experienced in the days after heavy training or a big competition. This can be both physical but also mental tiredness. Sleeping well after training is therefore very important and can be thought of as part of an excellent recovery.

Question 11

What is nausea?

Answer 11

Nausea is a feeling of sickness that can take place during the hours and even days after very intense physical exercise. Athletes need to try to refuel even if they feel a little sick.

Question 12

What is light-headedness

Answer 12

Light-headedness can be experienced in the hours after training and is usually a sign of either dehydration or low energy stores or both.

Question 13

What is Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS)?

Answer 13

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS) occurs when muscles experience pain for 24-48 hours after intense exercise due to microscopic tears in the muscle fibres. DOMS typically follows a change in training or performance intensity and the muscles need to be rested while in this condition to avoid injury.

Question 14

What are the long term effects to exercise in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

Cardiac hypertrophy; increased stroke volume (SV); decrease in resting heart rate (HR); increase in maximum cardiac output (Q); capillarisation at the lungs and muscles; increase in number of red blood cells.

Question 15

What are the long term effects to exercise in the respiratory system?

Answer 15

Increased number of functioning alveoli; increased strength of the respiratory muscles (intercostals and diaphragm).

Question 16

What are the long term effects to exercise in the energy system?

Answer 16

Increased production of energy from the aerobic energy system; increased tolerance to lactic acid.

Question 17

What are the long term effects to exercise in the muscular system?

Answer 17

Muscle hypertrophy; increased strength of tendons; increased strength of ligaments.

Question 18

What are the long term effects to exercise in the skeletal system?

Answer 18

Increase in bone density.

Question 19

What are the long term effects to exercise in fitness?

Answer 19

Increase in strength; increase in flexibility; increase in speed; increase in muscular endurance

Question 20

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 20

Hypertrophy means an increase in size, so muscle hypertrophy means the muscles get bigger. If you weight train regularly doing biceps curls, your biceps will show muscle hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is where the ventricle wall gets larger or thickens as a result of exercise.

Question 21

What is Capillarisation?

Answer 21

Capillarisation is the process where new capillaries are formed. Capillarisation takes place at the alveoli in the lungs and at the skeletal muscle. This has the effect of increasing the amount of oxygen that can be transferred to the working muscles as well as increasing the amount of carbon dioxide that can be removed.

Question 22

Give an example of a type of exercise that would produce cardiac hypertrophy.

Answer 22

Any endurance sport, such as long-distance running, long-distance swimming, or long-distance cycling.

Question 23

Give an example of a type of exercise that would produce muscle hypertrophy.

Answer 23

Any type of resistance exercise, such as weight training.