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metabolism > mouth to oesophagus > Flashcards

mouth to oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the 5th cranial nerve?

A

trigeminal

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2
Q

what is the 7th cranial nerve?

A

facial

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3
Q

what is the 9th cranial nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal

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4
Q

what is the 10th cranial nerve?

A

vagus

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5
Q

what is the 12th cranial nerve?

A

hypoglossal

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6
Q

what is the function of the lips?

A

control entry and exit to the mouth

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7
Q

what is the function of the teeth?

A

break down food mechanically

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8
Q

what is the function of the salivary glands?

A

chemically digest food

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9
Q

what is the function of the tongue?

A

moves food to the back of the mouth

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10
Q

what is the function of the soft palate?

A

elevates to prevent food passing into the nasal cavity

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11
Q

what is the function of the tonsils?

A

immunological defence

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12
Q

what is the main part of the mandible called?

A

the body

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13
Q

what is the mandibular foramen?

A

where the nerve that supplies the teeth enters

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14
Q

what is the orbicularis oris?

A

sphincter muscle which encircles mouth

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15
Q

what is the buccinator?

A

muscle of facial expression which makes up the cheek

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16
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

7th

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17
Q

where is the carotid gland found?

A

underneath the facial nerve

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18
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve do?

A

provides sensory innervation to the entire face

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19
Q

what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

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20
Q

what nerve innervates the teeth?

A

maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) branches of the trigeminal nerve

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21
Q

what innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

what do the muscles of mastication do?

A

collectively move the mandible with respect to the facial skeleton

23
Q

what movements do the vertical and horizontal fibres of the temporalis muscle do?

A

Vertical fibres: Pull jaw upwards (elevation)

Horizontal fibres: Pull jaw backwards (retraction)

24
Q

what movements does the masseter muscle carry out?

A

elevation (and some protrusion due to angling)

25
Q

what movements does the lateral pterygoid carry out?

A

Depression and protrusion

26
Q

what movements does the medial pterygoid carry out?

A

elevation and protrusion

27
Q

name the 3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

28
Q

what nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

29
Q

what nerve innervates the sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

facial nerve

30
Q

how does the parotid gland drain?

A

via the parotid duct

31
Q

where does the parotid gland enter the mouth?

A

level of upper 2nd molar

32
Q

where do the sublingual and submandibular glands drain into the mouth?

A

either side of the frenulum of the tongue

33
Q

what are the two groups of skeletal muscle that make up the tongue called?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic

34
Q

what nerve does the tongue receive motor output from?

A

hypoglossal

35
Q

what is the special sensory nerve of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

facial nerve

36
Q

what is the special sensory nerve of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal

37
Q

what is the general sensory nerve of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

lingual nerve

38
Q

what is the special sensory nerve of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal

39
Q

what is the valuate papillae?

A

landmark that separates anterior and posterior parts of the tongue (V shaped line)

40
Q

what is the hard palate composed of?

A

maxilla and palatine bones

41
Q

what is the soft palate composed of?

A

muscles covered by a mucus membrane

42
Q

what is the function of the soft palate?

A

elevates during swallowing to prevent food entering the nasal cavity

43
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

the vagus

44
Q

what are the palatine tonsils?

A

collection of lymphoid tissue on each side of the oropharynx

45
Q

explain the series of events that occur when we swallow food

A

tongue pushes bolus of food to the back of the mouth
Larynx pushes up/pulled upwards
Epiglottis on the larynx closes
Food goes posteriorly to oesophagus

46
Q

where does sensory innervation of the pharynx come from?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

47
Q

what are the constrictor muscles innervated by?

A

vagus nerve

48
Q

what do the constrictor muscles do?

A

constrict the walls of the pharynx during swallowing

49
Q

what is the function of the stylopharyngeus?

A

elevates pharynx during swallowing

50
Q

what innervates the stylopharyngeus?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

51
Q

what is the gag reflex?

A

• Response to touching the posterior pharyngeal wall

52
Q

how does the gag reflex physically occur?

A

Involves brisk and brief elevation of the soft palate and contraction of pharyngeal muscles

53
Q

what are the sensory and motor parts of the gag reflex?

A

sensory - glossopharyngeal

motor - vagus

metabolism (23 decks)

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