Motor Pathways

Question 1

Paresis

Answer 1

partial loss of voluntary motor function. The P has loss of strength but still some voluntary movement

Question 2

Ambulatory Paresis

Answer 2

P is weak but still able to walk

Question 3

Nonambulatory Paresis

Answer 3

P has feeble voluntary movement but is not strong enough to walk on their own

Question 4

Upper Motor Neuron

Answer 4

wants to contract muscle, sends AP to lower motor neuron what to do

Question 5

Where is the LMN Located?

Answer 5

gray matter of spinal cord for limbs

Question 6

Muscle Tone

Answer 6

resistance to muscle stretch

Question 7

Paralysis

Answer 7

total loss of voluntary movement.

Question 8

Will a paralyzed patient still have spinal cord reflexes?

Answer 8

yes because spinal cord reflexes are not voluntary

Question 9

Mono-

Answer 9

one limb is involved

Question 10

Para-

Answer 10

both pelvic limbs

Question 11

Tetra-

Answer 11

all four limbs are affected

Question 12

Segments of the Spinal Cord

Answer 12

8 cervical
13 thoracic
7 lumbar
3 sacral
5 caudal

Question 13

Cervical spinal cord

Answer 13

C1-C8

Question 14

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 14

T1-T13

Question 15

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 15

L1-L7

Question 16

Sacral Vertebrae

Answer 16

S1-S3

Question 17

Intumescences

Answer 17

Regions of the spinal cord that innervate all the muscles of the limbs and therefore contain many more LMN cell bodies and are larger in diameter

Question 18

Where are the LMN for thoracic limbs?

Answer 18

C6-T2

Question 19

Where are the LMN for the pelvic limbs

Answer 19

L4-S3

Question 20

Where are the cell bodies for the UMN?

Answer 20

the brain

Question 21

Where are the axons for the UMN for the thoracic and pelvic limbs?

Answer 21

C1-C5

Question 22

Where are the axons for the UMN for pelvic limbs?

Answer 22

T3-L3

Question 23

Signs of a LMN lesion

Answer 23

1. paresis or paralysis
2. weak to absent reflexes
3. weak to absent muscle tone
4. rapid, severe muscle atrophy

Question 24

Signs of a UMN Lesion

Answer 24

1. paresis or paralysis
2. normal to exaggerated reflexes
3. normal to increased muscle tone
4. only mild muscle atrophy

Question 25

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Answer 25

withdrawal reflex in one limb causes the other limb to extend while recumbent

Question 26

Clonus of the Patellar Reflex

Answer 26

alternating extension and flexion of the stifle in response to a single tap of the patellar tendon

Question 27

Spasticity

Answer 27

increased muscle tone. Characterized by increased tone in the extensor muscles such that the patient does not flex the limb normally during the protraction phase of the gait (when the limb is moving forward), resulting in a stiff stilted gait

Question 28

What does a focal spinal cord lesion cause?

Answer 28

1. lower motor neuron deficits at the level of the lesion
2. Upper motor neuron deficits caudal to the lesion
3. sensory deficits at the level of and caudal to the lesion

Question 29

Forebrain/brainstem Lesion

Answer 29

tetraparesis/tetraplegia with normal to increased reflexes and muscle tone in all limbs

Question 30

C1-C5 Lesion

Answer 30

tetraparesis/tetraplegia with normal to increased reflexes and muscle tone in all limbs

Question 31

C5-T2 Lesion

Answer 31

tetraparesis/tetraplegia with weak to abesnt reflexes and decreased muscle tone in the thoracic limbs and normal to increased reflexes and muscle tone in the pelvic limbs

Question 32

T3-L3 Lesion

Answer 32

Paraperesis/paraplegia with normal to increased reflexes and muscle tone in the pelvic limbs

Question 33

L4-S3 Lesion

Answer 33

paraparesis/paraplegia with decreased to absent reflexes and muscle tone in pelvic limbs

Question 34

Diffuse LMN Lesion

Answer 34

tetraparesis/tetraplegia with weak to absent reflexes and muscle tone in all limbs