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Physiology > Microanatomy of the Circulatory System > Flashcards

Microanatomy of the Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Vessels

A

arteries, veins, and capillaries

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2
Q

Layers of Blood Vessels

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica adventitia
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3
Q

Tunica Intima

A

composed of epithelium and internal elastic lamina. Endothelium is simple squamous composed in contact with blood.

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4
Q

Tunica Media

A

mostly smooth muscle, thickness varies with type of vessel. May have elastic fibers, may have external elastic lamina.

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5
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A

outer layer. Connective tissue (collagen) that is blue on trichrome stain. Blends with and anchors to surrounding tissue.

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6
Q

Components of the Tunica Adventitia

A

vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum, adipose tissue

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7
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

small vessels that supply large vessels

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8
Q

Nervi Vasorum

A

nerve supply to large blood vessels.

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9
Q

Arteries

A

high pressure vessels that take blood away from the heart

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10
Q

Types of Arteries

A

elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles

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11
Q

Elastic Arteries

A

aorta and largest branches. Tunica media contains lots of elastic fibers that are squiggly bright pink fibers. Cells between elastic fibers are smooth muscle

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12
Q

Muscular Arteries

A

medium-sized arteries. Tunica media is muscular. Very common

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13
Q

Arterioles

A

less than 3 layers of smooth muscle cells. Small diameter. Innervated by sympathetic nervous system. Regulate blood flow into capillaries via capillary sphincter

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

consist of endothelium and basement membrane only. No muscle. almost every cell in the body has a capillary nearby. Erythrocytes are often single file

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15
Q

What happens at capillaries?

A

oxygen, nutrients, and carbon dioxide diffuse.

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16
Q

What is the most numerous type of vessel?

A

capillary

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17
Q

Types of Capillary

A

continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous.

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18
Q

How to identify type of capillary

A

by location

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19
Q

Continuous Capillary

A

complete basement membrane. Complete endothelial cells joined by tight junctions. Allows gas transport. Found in muscle, brain, lung

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20
Q

Fenestrated Capillary

A

complete basement membrane. Holes in endothelial cells allow for substantial transport of fluid, ions, hormones, and nutrients. Found in intestine, glomeruli, endocrine glands

21
Q

Discontinuous Capillary

A

incomplete basement membrane and endothelial cells. Large molecules and cells can pass through gaps. Liver (sinusoids), spleen (sinuses), lymph nodes (sinuses), bone marrow, placenta

22
Q

Veins

A

low pressure vessels that take blood towards the heart

23
Q

Types of Veins

A

venules, medium-sized veins, large veins

24
Q

Venules

A

thin walled, lack a tunica media.

25
Q

How to differentiate a venule from a capillary

A

by diameter

26
Q

Medium-Sized Veins

A

thin muscular tunica media. Valves for one-way flow. More irregularly shaped than artery.

27
Q

Large Veins

A

thin muscular tunica media. Valves to prevent blood from flowing back into capillaries.

28
Q

What is the venous partner to the arteriole?

A

venule

29
Q

What is the venous partner to the muscular artery?

A

medium-shaped vein

30
Q

Intimal Bodies

A

small mineralizations of the intima of the submucosal intestinal vessels in horses. Significance is unknown

31
Q

What is the endocardium made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium

32
Q

Hemangiosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of endothelial cells that tends to occur in the right atrium of dogs

33
Q

Valves

A

thin connective tissue core. Covered with endothelial/endocardial cells.

34
Q

Myocardium

A

cardiac muscles- striated with central nuclei and branching myocytes. Purkinje fibers

35
Q

Cardiac Skeleton

A

four fibrous rings. May be partly cartilagenous (cats) or osseus (cattle)

36
Q

os cordis

A

heart bone in cattle

37
Q

Epicardium

A

Has adipose tissue, coronary arteries, and is covered in mesothelium

38
Q

How are flat mesothelial cells distinguished from endothelial cells?

A

by location

39
Q

Pericardial Sac

A

thin collagen layer with mesothelium on both sides. may contain adipose tissue

40
Q

Layers of the pericadrium

A

parietal layer and visceral layer.

41
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A

contain lymph fluid and lymphocytes

42
Q

Characteristics of lymphatic vessels

A

thin-walled and have valves. Look similar to veins

43
Q

Lymphatic Capillaries Direction of Flow

A

fluid flows toward heart only.

44
Q

Components of Lymphatic Capillaries

A

discontinuous endothelial cells and basement membrane

45
Q

Main function of lymphatic capillaries

A

constantly pick up fluid, protein, and cells from interstitium and return it to the circulatory system

46
Q

What uses lymphatic vessels to metastasize?

A

carcinomas

47
Q

Larger lymphatic vessels

A

pass through lymph nodes and empty lymph into large veins.

48
Q

Largest lymphatic vessel

A

thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)

Physiology (16 decks)

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