Control of Movement

Question 1

Spinal Walking

Answer 1

Reflexes generate alternating stepping movements in legs. In severe UMN lesion, you have a reflex stepping movement where pelvic limbs are spastic

Question 2

Upper Motor Neuron Systems

Answer 2

corticospinal, rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal

Question 3

Reticular Formation

Answer 3

diffuse groups of neuronal cell bodies in the brainstem

Question 4

Reticulospinal Neuron System

Answer 4

. From reticular formation to spinal cord. synapse on lower motor neurons in spinal cord. Maintain posture and muscle tone

Question 5

Reticulospinal Pathway

Answer 5

axons descend through spinal cord to LMN to stimulate them

Question 6

Pons

Answer 6

middle portion of brainstem. Facilitates flexion

Question 7

Medulla

Answer 7

Back portion of brainstem, facilitate extension

Question 8

Decerebrate Posture

Answer 8

Lesion in brain causes functional disruption in front of brain stem. Neurons in pons cannot facilitate flexion.

Question 9

Vestibulospinal Neuron System

Answer 9

from vestibular neurons to spinal cord. Vestibular nuclei are in the brainstem. LMN in spinal cord responsible for antigravity muscles

Question 10

Rubrospinal Neuron System

Answer 10

From red nucleus in midbrain (front portion of brainstem). Input on more distal limb muscles for control of finer movement. Most important in nonprimates

Question 11

Corticospinal Neuron System

Answer 11

from cerebral cortex to spinal cord. Motor cortex in cerebrum. Descending tract decussates. Spinal LMN involved in voluntary movement. Most important in primates. Lesion in this pathway causes total paralysis in primates. Only weakness in non-primates

Question 12

What is the other name for the corticospinal tract

Answer 12

pyramidal tract

Question 13

Pyramidal Tracts

Answer 13

corticospinal and corticobulbar

Question 14

Extrapyramidal Tracts

Answer 14

Reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, and rubrospinal