Motivation of Basic Drives

Question 1

Allows the brain a way of setting priorities

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

What are the two types of motivation?

Answer 2

1. Strategic (long-term) motivation
2. Immediate (innate) motivation

Question 3

What are the three stages necessary to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 3

1. Sense the current state
2. Compare to wanted state
3. Correct for difference

Question 4

The most important brain area for homeostatic regulation

Answer 4

The hypothalamus

Question 5

What percentage of adult Americans are obese?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

The “hunger center” of the brain, also involved in arousal

Answer 6

The lateral hypothalamus

Question 7

Term for “no eating”

Answer 7

Aphagia

Question 8

The “satiety center” of the brain

Answer 8

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 9

Term for “abnormally increased eating”

Answer 9

Hyperphagia

Question 10

Satiety hormone, produced by fat-storing cells

Answer 10

Leptin

Question 11

Can Leptin cross the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 11

Yes!

Question 12

Hunger hormone, located in the stomach and is secreted before meals

Answer 12

Ghrelin

Question 13

Part of the hypothalamus that is involved in hunger/ feeding

Answer 13

The Arcuate Nucleus

Question 14

Neurons located in the arcuate nucleus that increase satiety, stimulated by Leptin

Answer 14

POMC neurons

Question 15

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus that are stimulated by ghrelin, increase feeding

Answer 15

AGRP neurons

Question 16

Why doesn’t injecting leptin in obese individuals cause weight loss?

Answer 16

Obese individuals have leptin but the receptors have been desensitized

Question 17

Thirst associated with a reduction in blood volume/ pressure (bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea)

Answer 17

Hypovolemic thirst

Question 18

Thirst associated with an increase in extracellular solute concentrate (perspiration, respiration, urination)

Answer 18

Osmotic thirst

Question 19

Detect blood pressure drops, located in the heart and veins

Answer 19

Baroreceptors

Question 20

Pathway associated with hypovolemic thirst, baroreceptors send information to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem

Answer 20

Neural pathway

Question 21

Pathway associated with hypovolemic thirst, low blood pressure causes kidneys to release Renin

Answer 21

Endocrine pathway

Question 22

Final part of the endocrine pathway, enters the brain to cause thirst

Answer 22

Angiotensin ll

Question 23

Cells that detect extracellular fluid pulling water from neurons, located in the hypothalamus. They they send signals to increase thirst

Answer 23

Osmoreceptor neurons

Question 24

The observation that males and females typically exhibit differences in sexual behavior

Answer 24

Sexual dimorphism

Question 25

Elicits sexual behavior in females, does not affect sexual behavior in males

Answer 25

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 26

Ellicits sexual behavior in males, does not affect sexual behavior in females

Answer 26

Preoptic area

Question 27

Phenomenon where male preoptic lesions leave appetitive sexual motivation intact, but leave them unable to copulate

Answer 27

The Consummatory Effect

Question 28

Phenomenon where male rats still copulate after lesion to the amygdala, but motivation to seek a female is gone

Answer 28

Appetitive Effect