Introduction to Learning and Memory

Question 1

Told anecdote about how smelling a woman’s perfume in the elevator reminded him of highschool

Answer 1

Howard Eichenbaum

Question 2

Learning and memory often increase what?

Answer 2

Fitness

Question 3

Disorder that develops in some people who experience a shocking, scary, or dangerous event

Answer 3

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 4

What are the two main types of memory?

Answer 4

Short term and long term memory

Question 5

What are the two main types of long term memory?

Answer 5

Declarative and non-declarative memory

Question 6

What are the tradeoffs for studying memory with animal models?

Answer 6

Animals can’t tell you what they remember! Studies rely on animal behavior, which is indirect and subjective.

Question 7

Capacity for storage of small amounts of information in an accessible state for a short period of time

Answer 7

Short term memory

Question 8

Type of memory that involves not only temporary storage of information, but also processing of that information

Answer 8

Working memory

Question 9

Study that supports the existence of short-term memory

Answer 9

“The Magical Number 7” by George A. Miller

Question 10

Task where participants are given a list of words. After the words disappear, they are asked to report them in any order

Answer 10

Immediate free recall test

Question 11

Final few items are reported with higher probability (because they are still in the short term memory)

Answer 11

The recency effect

Question 12

Task that eliminates the recency effect

Answer 12

Distractor task

Question 13

Common behavioral task used to study short term memory in animals

Answer 13

Delayed-match-to-sample task

Question 14

Lasting storage of information

Answer 14

Long-term memory

Question 15

3 stages of long-term memory

Answer 15

1. encoding
2. storage
3. retrieval

Question 16

A memory you can consciously recall, or ‘declare’

Answer 16

Declarative memory

Question 17

A memory that is expressed through action, not recollection

Answer 17

Non-declarative memory

Question 18

Two types of non-declarative memory

Answer 18

1. procedural memory
2. conditioning

Question 19

Knowledge of how to do something (such as riding a bike)

Answer 19

Procedural memory

Question 20

Association between items (green means go)

Answer 20

Conditioning

Question 21

Type of conditioning where a conditioned stimulus is trained to evoke the same response as an unconditioned stimulus (Pavlovian Conditioning)

Answer 21

Classical conditioning

Question 22

Type of conditioning where one learns through reward or punishment (Instrumental conditioning)

Answer 22

Operant conditioning

Question 23

Conditioning that involves voluntary behavior

Answer 23

Operant conditioning

Question 24

Conditioning that involves involuntary behavior

Answer 24

Classical conditioning

Question 25

Argument that human behavior is fully accounted for by classical and operant conditioning

Answer 25

Behaviorism

Question 26

What are the two types of declarative memory

Answer 26

1. Semantic memory
2. Episodic memory

Question 27

Memory of facts

Answer 27

Semantic memory

Question 28

Memory of events (autobiographical)

Answer 28

Episodic memory

Question 29

A brain disease destroyed his hippocampus. Has impairment in learning new episodic memories (anterograde amnesia)

Answer 29

Patient E.P.