Introduction to Learning and Memory Flashcards
Told anecdote about how smelling a woman’s perfume in the elevator reminded him of highschool
Howard Eichenbaum
Learning and memory often increase what?
Fitness
Disorder that develops in some people who experience a shocking, scary, or dangerous event
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
What are the two main types of memory?
Short term and long term memory
What are the two main types of long term memory?
Declarative and non-declarative memory
What are the tradeoffs for studying memory with animal models?
Animals can’t tell you what they remember! Studies rely on animal behavior, which is indirect and subjective.
Capacity for storage of small amounts of information in an accessible state for a short period of time
Short term memory
Type of memory that involves not only temporary storage of information, but also processing of that information
Working memory
Study that supports the existence of short-term memory
“The Magical Number 7” by George A. Miller
Task where participants are given a list of words. After the words disappear, they are asked to report them in any order
Immediate free recall test
Final few items are reported with higher probability (because they are still in the short term memory)
The recency effect
Task that eliminates the recency effect
Distractor task
Common behavioral task used to study short term memory in animals
Delayed-match-to-sample task
Lasting storage of information
Long-term memory
3 stages of long-term memory
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
A memory you can consciously recall, or ‘declare’
Declarative memory
A memory that is expressed through action, not recollection
Non-declarative memory
Two types of non-declarative memory
- procedural memory
- conditioning
Knowledge of how to do something (such as riding a bike)
Procedural memory
Association between items (green means go)
Conditioning
Type of conditioning where a conditioned stimulus is trained to evoke the same response as an unconditioned stimulus (Pavlovian Conditioning)
Classical conditioning
Type of conditioning where one learns through reward or punishment (Instrumental conditioning)
Operant conditioning
Conditioning that involves voluntary behavior
Operant conditioning
Conditioning that involves involuntary behavior
Classical conditioning
Argument that human behavior is fully accounted for by classical and operant conditioning
Behaviorism
What are the two types of declarative memory
- Semantic memory
- Episodic memory
Memory of facts
Semantic memory
Memory of events (autobiographical)
Episodic memory
A brain disease destroyed his hippocampus. Has impairment in learning new episodic memories (anterograde amnesia)
Patient E.P.
