Motion Restrictions

Question 1

The amount of motion that occurs when one segment of the body moves in relation to an adjacent segment

Answer 1

Range of Motion (ROM)

Question 2

A movement produced entirely by an external force without voluntary muscle contraction by the subject

Answer 2

Passive Motion

Question 3

AKA: Joint Play, the motion that occurs between the joint surfaces during normal physiological motion

Answer 3

Accessory Motion

Question 4

Name a few causes of capsular patterns of restriction.

Answer 4

Effusion, Fibrosis, Inflammation

Question 5

Tissue composed of the musculotendinous unit, which involves the muscle, the musculotendinous junction, the tendon, and the tendons interface with bone.

Answer 5

Contractile Tissue

Question 6

A permanent shortening of a muscle producing deformity or distortion

Answer 6

Muscle Contracture

Question 7

Intraarticular edema restricts motion in which pattern?

Answer 7

Capsular Pattern

Question 8

List a few pathologies associated with spinal disc herniation.

Answer 8

blocked spinal motion, inflammation, hypertonic changes, decreased disc height and pain

Question 9

What is the most common cause of adverse neural tension?

Answer 9

Restriction of nerve motion

Question 10

List a common tool used to measure ROM.

Answer 10

Goniometers, Tape measures, Inclinometers

Question 11

In terms of stretching, what is creep?

Answer 11

Transient lengthening or deformation with the application of a fixed load

Question 12

In terms of stretching, what is stress relaxation?

Answer 12

A decrease in the amount of force required over time to hold a given length. (fig. 5-8, pg 120)

Question 13

Plastic deformation

Answer 13

The elongation produced under loading that remains after the load is removed. Will have a permanent increase in length.

Question 14

Passive stretching

Answer 14

The limb is held passively in a position in which the pt feels a mild stretch
EX: straddle sit (sitting on the ground, legs abducted to where the pt feels a mild stretch for 15-30 seconds)

Question 15

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Answer 15

Active muscle contraction followed by muscle relation in conjunction with passive stretch; greater skill involved.
Ex: leg kicks from supine, contracting the quadriceps to inhibit and stretch the hamstrings, an additional force is added at the end of movement with a rope or with a partner

Question 16

Ballistic stretching

Answer 16

Active, quick, short-amplitude movements at the end of the pts available ROM.
•	EX: Your 1980’s dance class warm ups
•	EX: Bouncing in a passive stretch to take the stretch to the end of ROM

Question 17

Benefits of CPM (continuous passive motion)

Answer 17

research varies but adding CPM to PT after TKA results in greater active knee flexion ROM and reduced length of stay and need for postoperative manipulation, additionally it accelerates healing and improves the orientation of collagen fibers and inhibits edema formation (pg 122)

Question 18

How can modalities increase soft tissue extensibility?

Answer 18

Increase in tissue temperature = increase in soft tissue extensibility = decreasing the force required to increase tissue length and decrease risk of injury during stretching
Agents that increase superficial tissue temp should be used prior to stretching superficial tissues and the same for those that increase deep soft tissues

Question 19

Controlling inflammation is a benefit because:

Answer 19

Cryotherapy and certain types of electrical currents control inflammation → help prevent the development of motion restrictions by limiting edema during the acute inflammatory stage = limiting the degree of immobilization
Controlling severity and duration of inflammation also limits the duration and extent of the proliferative response and may thus limit adhesion formation during tissue healing

Question 20

Muscle length is tested in a 2-joint muscle by:

Answer 20

Muscle must first be elongated across one of the joints and then that joint must be held in that position while the muscle is elongated as far as possible across the other joint that it crosses (page 119)