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DPT 623 Physical Agents > Intro to Thermal Agents > Flashcards

Intro to Thermal Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Specific Heat

A

amount of energy required to raise the temp. of a given wt. of a given material by a given # of degress

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2
Q

Fluidotherapy

A

therapy where warmer thermal agents are applied at lower temp.

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3
Q

Conduction

A

heating by direct contact b/w warmer and colder molecules

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4
Q

How many layers of towels should be placed b/w pt. and hot pack?

A

6-8

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5
Q

Convection

A

heat transfer that occurs as the result of direct contact b/w a circulating medium and another material of a different temp.

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6
Q

What type of heat transfer occurs in a whirlpool?

A

convection

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7
Q

Conversion

A

heat transfer that involves the conversion of a nonthermal form of energy such as mechanical, electrical or chemical into heat (ex. ultrasound, diathermy)

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8
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of energy from a material of a higher temp. to a lower temp. w/ out the need for any type of medium or direct contact (ex. infrared lamps)

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9
Q

Evaporation

A

decrease in temp. due to a material absorbing the energy and then evaporating away. (ex. sweating, vapocoolant spray)

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10
Q

Cryotherapy

A

use of cold applications in rehabilitation and other areas of medicine (used for controlling inflammation)

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11
Q

What are the Neuromuscular effects to cold?

A 
Decreased nerve conduction Velocity
Increased pain threshold
Altered muscle strength
Decreased spasticity
Facilitation of muscle contraction
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12
Q

Documentation of a modality includes:

A 
Area treated
Cooling agent
Treatment duration
Patient positioning
Response to intervention
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13
Q

T/F? You check the area treated with a modality before AND after treatment.

A

TRUE!

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14
Q

What is the sequence of sensations in response to cryotherapy?

A
  1. intense cold
  2. burning
  3. aching
  4. analgesia
  5. numbness
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15
Q

T/F? Strength testing should be performed before rather than after cryotherapy application.

A

TRUE!

pg. 137

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16
Q

What are some types of application techniques of cryotherapy?

A 
Cold/ice pack
Ice massage
Controlled mold compression unit
Vapocoolant spray
Gameready
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17
Q

What temperature should the tissue be kept at during a cryotherapy treatment?

A

> 15 degrees celcius

18
Q

At what temperature does freezing/frostbite occur?

A
  • 4 to - 15 degrees celcius
19
Q

Give examples of contraindications for cryotherapy.

A 
Cold hypersensitivity
Cold intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Reynaud's phenomenon
Area of regenerating peripheral nerves
Area of circulatory compromise
20
Q

Give examples of precautions for cryotherapy.

A 
Superficial main branch of nerve
Open wound
Hypertension
Poor sensation
Poor mutation
Very young/very old
21
Q

What are the hemodynamic effects of heat? (vasodilation or vasoconstriction)

A

Vasodilation

22
Q

What are the neuromuscular effects of heat?

A

Changes in nerve conduction velocity and firing rate
Increased pain threshold
Changes in muscle strength

23
Q

Why would you use superficial heat?

A

Pain control, increased ROM and decreased joint stiffness, accelerated healing, infrared radiation for psoriasis

24
Q

What are the contraindications for thermotherapy?

A 
Hemorrhage
Thrombophlebitis
Impaired sensation
Impaired mentation
Malignancy
IR radiation of the eyes
25
Q

What are some precautions for thermotherapy?

A 
Acute injury/inflammation
Pregnancy
Impaired circulation
Edema
Cardiac insufficiency
Metal
Open wounds
Topical counterirritant
Demyelinated nerves
26
Q

What are the top 4 adverse effects of thermotherapy?

A

Burns
Fainting
Bleeding
Skin/eye damage from IR

27
Q

Does thermotherapy increase or decrease metabolic rate?

A

INCREASE

28
Q

Does thermotherapy increase or decrease tissue extensibility?

A

INCREASE

29
Q

What are some physiological reasons for vasodilation after thermotherapy?

A

Inflammation –> increase vasodilator (histamine and prostaglandin) release

Decrease sympathetic adrenergic activation

Smooth muscle relaxation

30
Q

What are the 5 sequences of sensation?

A
  1. Intense cold
  2. Burning
  3. Aching
  4. Analgesia
  5. Numbness
31
Q

What temperature water should hot packs be stored in?

A

70-75 degrees C (158-167 F)

32
Q

How many towel layers should be between a hot pack and a patient’s skin?

A

6-8 layers of dry towels

33
Q

What can be used to minimize heat loss when using paraffin?

A

Insulating mitts

34
Q

What is a dry heating agent that transfers heat by convection?

A

Fluidotherapy

35
Q

What affects the intensity of an IR lamp?

A

Both distance and angle of placement of the IR lamp

36
Q

What is the approximate wavelength of IR lamps that are used in physical therapy?

A

750- 1300nm

37
Q

What is a waxy substance that can be warmed and used to coat the extremities for thermotherapy?

A

Paraffin

38
Q

What is an effect of IR radiation?

A

Superficial heating

39
Q

What is the term that describes the angle at which a beam from an IR lamp contacts the skin?

A

Angle of incidence

40
Q

When using a hot pack cover how many towel layers should still be used?

A

3-4 layers

DPT 623 Physical Agents (16 decks)

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