Hydrotherapy Flashcards
What type(s) of heat transfer can occur in water?
Conduction or Convection
Why is water effective for a superficial heat/cold modality?
Has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity to that of air. (4 times the specific heat and 25 times the conductivity of air)
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure exerted on an object by water
What does Pascal’s Law say about hydrostatic pressure?
Fluid exerts pressure equally on an object when at a given depth.
What is the cleansing effect of water on an open wound?
- Pressure and friction help remove debris
- Acts as a cleanser to remove exogenous waste and reduces bacterial burden
What are the musculoskeletal effects?
Strengthening
Decrease weight bearing
Effects on bone density loss
Less fat loss than with other forms of exercise
What are the Cardiovascular Effects?
Increased Venous Circulation
Increased cardiac volume
Increased cardiac output
Decreased HR, systolic BP, and rate of oxygen uptake
What are the Respiratory Effects?
Decreased Vital Capacity
Increased work of breathing
Decreased exercise-induced asthma
What are the Renal Effects?
Diuresis
Increased sodium and potassium excretion
What are the Psychological Effects?
Relaxing in warm water
Invigorating in cold water
Why does immersion increase resting muscle blood flow from 100% to 225%?
The hydrostatic pressure reduces vasoconstriction which increases venous return.
What are the benefits of water exercise for musculoskeletal problems?
Decreased weight bearing on joints
Velocity-dependent resistance
Closed or open chain exercises can be used
Effects on bone density loss (can slow mineral loss and decrease risk of injury)
Fibromyalgia: Reduce pain
What are the benefits of water exercise for neurological problems?
Proprioceptive input
Increased Safety
Improved balance
What are the benefits of water exercise for patients with reduced cardiac fitness?
Allows patients a better platform to exercise due to decreased tolerance for land based exercise
What are the benefits of water exercise for pregnancy?
Decreased weight bearing
Less elevation of heart rate with exercise
Decreased risk of maternal hyperthermia
What are the benefits of water exercise for exercise induced asthma?
Less exercise-induced asthma than with other forms of exercise.
What are the benefits of water exercise for age-related deficits?
Improved Balance
Improved Strength
Improved cardiorespiratory fitness
Improved functional mobility
What are contraindications for local immersion forms of hydrotherapy?
Maceration around a wound
Bleeding
What are precautions for local immersion forms of hydrotherapy?
Impaired thermal sensation in the area to be immersed
Infection in the area to be immersed
Confusion or impaired cognition
Recent skin grafts
What are precautions for full-body immersion in hot or very warm water?
Pregnancy
Multiple Sclerosis
Poor Thermal Regulation
What are contraindications for full-body immersion forms of hydrotherapy?
Cardiac instability Infectious conditions that may be spread by water Bowel incontinence Severe Epilepsy Suicidal patients
What are precautions for full body immersion forms of hydrotherapy?
Confusion or disorientation Alcohol ingestion by the patient Limited strength, endurance, balance, or ROM Medications Urinary incontinence Fear of Water Respiratory problems
What are precautions for non-immersion forms of hydrotherapy?
Maceration
May not be Effective
What are contraindications for negative pressure wound therapy?
Necrotic Tissue Untreated osteomyelitis Malignancy in the wound Untreated malnutrition Exposed arteries, veins, nerves, anastomotic sites, or organs Non enteric and unexplored fistulas
What are precautions for negative pressure wound therapy?
Anticoagulant therapy
Difficult hemostasis
Confusion or disorientation
