Motility disorders in oesophagus Flashcards
What happens in Motility disorders in the oesophagus
Contractions of the oesophagus become irregular, unsynched or absent
What 2 categories can motility disorders be split into
Hyper mobility disorders
Hypo mobility disorders
What causes hyper mobility problems
Its idiopathic
What happens in the oesophagus in hypermobility problems
Exaggerated uncoordinated hypertonic contractions
What is the name for the most common hypermobility disorder
Diffuse Oesophageal spasm
What investigation is most useful in the diagnosis of hypermobility disorders
Manometry
What happens in the oesophagus in hypo mobility problems
Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter mechanism
What are hypomobility disorders associated with
Connective tissue disorders, diabetes, neuropathy
What is the most common hypomobile disorder called
Achalasia
What is achalasia
A functional loss of the myenteric plexus ganglion cells in the distal oesophagus and lower oesophageal sphincter.
What problem does achalasia cause in the oesophagus
It causes the LOS to not relax and so obstructs with oesophagus
Is achalasia common
NO (1-2/100,00)
What investigation is most useful in the diagnosis of Achalasia
Manometry
What does manometry show in achalasia
High pressure in the LOS at rest
Failure of the LOS to relax after swallowing
An abundance of peristaltic waves in lower oesophageal
What are the symptoms of Achalasia
Progressive dysphagia
Weight loss
Chest pain
Regurgitation and chest infections
What pharmacological treatment options can you get for achalasia
Nitrates and calcium channel blockers
What surgical treatment i used in achalasia
Myotomy
What is a myotomy
Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is a minimally invasive procedure that opens the tight lower esophageal sphincter (the valve between the esophagus and the stomach)
What is a radiological method used to treat achalasia
Pneumatic balloon dilation
What is a endoscopic method used to treat achalasia
Botox
