2.5. Gastric Disease - Gastric Cancer Flashcards
What is the Majority of Gastric Cancer caused by?
H. Pylori Inefction
What are 2 big risk factors for Gastric Cancer?
- Poor Diet
2. Smoking
Is there a Large Genetically Inherited component?
No
What is Gastric Cancer dependent on?
Both Genetics and Environmental Factors
What percentage of Gastric Cancer can be put down to Hereditary?
1-3%
HDGC, AD, CDH-1 gene
What percentage of Gastric Cancer can be put down to Family Clustering?
15%
What is the Family Clustering Aetiology mostly associated with?
The Definitive Germline Mutation
What type of Gastric Cancers are there?
- Adenocarcinoma (Most Common)
- Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST)
Where can the Adenocarcinomas be found?
Originating from the Epithelial Cells
What is the Pathology of Gastric Cancer?
- Damage of the Gastric Cancer Cells due to the Aetiology (usually H. Pylori) causes a constant need for regenerating cells
- Some of the regenerated cells can mutate, to form Metaplasia (As a defence against further harm)
- The Metaplasia can continue until there si the Dysplasia, and Cancer occurs
What are the Clinical Signs / Symptoms of Gastric Cancer?
- Dyspepsia
- Weight Loss / Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Haematemesis
- Melena
What investigations are necessary in Gastric Cancer?
- Upper G.I. Endoscopy with Biopsy
2. CT/PET Scan
What is the purpose of the Upper G.I. Endoscopy with Biopsy?
- To view the location, and the size of, the Tumour
2. To assess the Differentiation (Grading) of the Cancer
What is the purpose of the CT/PET Scan?
To look for Metastases
What staging is used for Gastric Cancer?
TNM:
T = Tumour (Invading Structures)
N = Nodes (Lymphatic Spread)
M = Metastases (Distant Spread)
