Mood Disorders Flashcards
Hippocampus receives inputs from sensory/outside world, from internal environment
Limbic System theory of emotion
risk factor for MDD in adult hood
Early life stress
Easy dosing
Non-lethal
Few side effects
Fluoxetine (SSRI)
Limbic-Frontal Circuitry
Cg25 receives excitatory drive from hippocampus
3-10x increased risk in 1st degree relatives
MDD (3x), BPD (7-10x)
People recovering from depression had reduced activity in
Subgenual cingulate cortex
Environmental factors affecting DNA methylation
diet, OH, smoking, stress, meds
Increased level of this NT is associated with antidepressant effect
Serotonin
People with sadness have overactivity in…
Brodmann 25: Subgenual cingulate cortex
Imipramine
TCA; Blocks reuptake of NE into neuron, increases amount of NE in synapse
Tryptophan is precursor to ______; exclusion from diet leads to ________
serotonin
depression
Gene is regulated by stress
HYOU1
DBS for depression involves
Electrode into cg25 bilaterally
Stress gene ____ complexes with GR, keeps GR out of nucleus
FKBP5 (Stress associated)
Variation in PTSD, mood disorders
Reserpine
Antipsychotic drug, Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporters leading to the depletion of DA, NE, 5-HT
Increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)…
increases synaptic strength in hippocampus
Stress reduces the amount of ____ in the hippocampus
BDNF
Has an effect on HPA-axis genes in hippocampus/hypothalamus
Corticosterone
The ____ allele is associated with smaller hippocampal volume (compared to the ____ allele)
Met allele - smaller volume
compared to Val allele
Downsides of fluoxetine
takes 1 or more weeks to work, doesn’t work in substantial minority
Iproniazid
Inhibits monoamine oxidase, increasing levels of DA, NE, 5-HT
Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporters leading to the depletion of DA, NE, 5-HT
Reserpine –> leads to depression!
Or can be used in agitated patients (antipsychotic)
Inhibits monoamine oxidase, increasing levels of DA, NE, 5-HT
Iproniazid
_____ produced antidepressant effects when injected into brain
BDNF
Genes associated with stress
HSP90
HYOU1
FKBP5
Smaller hippocampus is associated with
Stress
- -> either stress shrinks, OR
- -> smaller hipp leads to stress
Genes involved in BPD
ANK3
CACNA1C
ODZ4
Gene complexes with GR as chaperone
HSP90
BDNF variant A483G alters trafficking of protein leading to
smaller hippocampal volume –>
predisposition to depression?
