Mood Disorders Flashcards
What are mood disorders
Unusually SEVERE of PROLONGED DISTRUBANCES in mood
What are the two DSM catagories for mood disorders
Depressive and bipolar
What is the history of depression
Hippocrates MELANCHOLY, most people masked well and were not seen as crazy
What is the criteria for major depressive disorder
2-week period, change from past functions, depreeed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
What is the list of criteria for major depressive disorder
DEPRESSED mood, diminished INTEREST, weight LOSS, SLOWING down, FATIGUE, WORTHLESSNESS, loss of ability to THINK, thoughts of DEATH
What is the most common psychological disorder
Depression
Why is diagnosiing depression hard
Most people think they can just snap out of it
How many people are affected by depression
10-25% women, 5-12% men
What are the types of risk factors for depression
SES, biological
What is problem-focused coping
Fixing the problem
What is emotion-focused coping
Maybe you can’t solve problem but learning how to live with it
What can happen when a person who has depression has self-efficacy problems
Downward spiral
What is the catecholamine hypothesis
Norepinephrine imbalance
What is the indolamine hypothesis
Serotonin imbalance
Does recent studies show that serotonin’s role is overstated
Yes
If not serotonin how might SSRI drugs work
Placebo effect and improved self-efficacy
What are the other theories of depression
Social, Cognitive, Diathesis-Stress model, learned helplessness
What is learned helplessness (seligman)
Person learns they can’t help themselves so they don’t which leads to worsening problems
What is attributional style and locus of control
Personality and internal or external (depressed) control
What is the interactional theory
First receive unconditional SUPPORT, then people get ANGERY, and REJECTION with leads to worse DEPRESSION
What is Beck’s cognitive triad theory of depression
negative view of ONESELF, ENVIROMENT, FUTURE: which leads to maldaptive thinking that happening AUTOMATICALLY
What is the most common reatment for depression
SSRIs and talk therapy
What can be used for treatment of seasonal affective disorder
Phototherapy
What happens as meds are becoming more skeptical to take
People take depression less SERIOUS
Are SSRIs overprescribed
They test on small groups and then it’s prescribed largely because the lake of regard to the dignostice criteria
What did Zimmerman find
86% of people who get SSRIs would not have been in cluded in the study
What is bipolar disorder
Mood disorder characterized by mood swings between DEPRESSION and MANIA
What are depressive episodes
The lows similar to depression
What are manic episodes
The high
What is a full manic episode
Elevated or irritable mood with goal-directed behavior lasting at least 1 week
What are some of the characteristics of a manic episode
Increased SELF-ESTEEM, decreaed need for SLEEP, TALKATIVE, RACING thoughts, DISTRACTIBLE, GOAL-DIRECTED activity, RISKY behavior
What makes manic episodes bad
Impairment in socila or occupational functioning, may need hospitalization
What is bipolar I
Inculdes depression and fully mania
What is bipolar II
Includes manily depression but hypomania
What is a hypomanic episode
Last at 4-6 days
How many people are affected by bipolar and when does it appear
1-2%, early adulthood
Is it equally common in men and women
Yes, men start with manic and women start with depressive
What is the rate of suicide for people with bipolar disorder
20%
What are the biological issues with bipolar disorder
Brain self-CORRECTS extremly, problems with inhibition and disinhibition of the pleasure center
What is disinhibition going to lead to
Act on impulses
Why is bipolar probably inherited
5X more likely and high rates for older fathers
What drug alleviates all or most symptoms for 80% of individuals
Lithium carbonate
What do anticonvulsant meds do
Can help with the depressive episodes but are costly
What are the negatives of lithium
DOSING must be right, damage to HEART and KIDNEYS, pts are not CONSCIENTIOUS
What is the psychodynamic perspective of bipolar disorder
Unconscious feelings, INTERPERSONAL THERAPY focuses on unresolved issues
What is the humanistic perspective of bipolar disorder
Don’t have self-fulfillment, loss of self-esteem
