Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of psychological disorders?
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR patterns that involve a disturbance of PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OR BEHAVIOR
What do we assume if a person acts normal?
We assume they are okay
What is the criteria for determining abnormality?
Social NORMS, false BELIEF systems, a person experiencing DISTRESS
Changes over time and cultures could change this criteria
Social norms
Are people who don’t believe 9/11 happened mentally ill?
No, we have a high tolerance to what crosses the line
Are you abnormal just because you’re sad?
No, your DISTRESS could be normal (death in family)
What are the lagal criteria for determining abnormality?
HARM to ONESELF or OTHERS
Is skydiving, smoking or suicide harm to oneself?
Yes, suicide warrents intervention
Is a person mentally ill if they murder someone?
Not necessarily
Does culture play a role in what constitutes abnormality?
Yes. Ex: hallucinations in Native American religios practice, speaking in tongues in churches
What must you do when something is different?
You will likely react but it’s your responsibility to check yourself
Why is hysterical related to women
Hyst (women), most common in women
Does abnormality change when culture changes
Yes
What happens when culture norms shift quickly?
Generaltional friction
T/F culture is not related to what is abnormal
False
What is the demonological model
Mental illness is a product of DEMONIC possession
What is trephination
Pirecing a whole in the BRAIN to let out the EVIL
Who created the idea of humors
Hippocrates
What are humors
body CHEMICALS that defines PERSONALITY
Who was the firts person to think that there is a biological reason for psychological events
Hippocrates
What does phlegmatic mean
Slow, sluggish
What does melancholia mean
Depressive
What does sanguine mean
Cheerful
What does choleric mean
quick-tempered
What were the early precursors to neurotransmitters and hormones
Humors
What is dualism
The idea that MIND and BODY are separate and can EFFECT each other
What happened in the 15th-17th centruty
Witch hunts and exorcism
What is the malleus maleficarum
The “Witch’s Hammer”, a BOOK used to see if women were WITCHES
Why was the witch idea inflicted on women
They were seen as WEAKER and more VULNERABLE to the devil
What issues were in the Salem witch trails
Conversion issues
When and what were the first asylums
15TH-17TH centuery, they put mentally ILL people on show for ENTERTAINMENT
When was the reform movement
18th-19th centruies
Who lead the reform movement
Pussin and Pinel
Who created the idea of incurable wards
Pussin
What was the idea for the incurables ward
MORAL THERAPY, treating pts HUMANLY, and CARING understanding
What happened to moral therapy in the early 20th century
Returned back to WARHOUSES and STATE HOSPITALS
Did patients in state hospitals get treated
No, they were LOCKED away and NOT treated
Were treatments better or worse in state hospitals and was it out of scientific curiosity or treatment?
WORSE and CURIOSITY
What were the type of bad treatments in state hospitals
LOBOTOMIES and elctroSHOCK
What is the community mental health movement
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION, RELEASE pts and have COMMUNITY mental health centers
With the development of new antipsychotic meds what did it create
deinstitutionalization
What was the aim of deinstitutionalization
Make people SELF-SUFFICIENT
What actually happened with deinstitutionalization
Not enough FUNDING which lead to HOMELESSNESS
Why did pts not have life skills when they were released
They were in the hospitals for so long
Why do schkiphrenic people smoke more
It calmed them
Where are we today related to mental illness
More ACCEPTING within LIMITS
Do people sill rely on supernatural explanations for human behavior
Yes
Why do people not tell others of their mental illnesses
The STIGMA
What are health insureers preference related to mental health
LIMITED support, cheaper DRUGS over expensive THERAPY
Why do many communities lack good mental health infrastructure
Shortage of mental health PROFESSIONALS because it does not PAY well
What is the scientific method
Existing THEORY, research QUESTION, FALSIFIABLE HYPOTHESIS, TESTING hypothesis, CONCLUSIONS, REVISE theory
What is an existing theory
The current understanding of all the work done on it before
How is a research question created
From impoletness or conflicts with the existing theory
What makes a hypothsis falsificable
Taking the risk you may be wrong
What is the down side of the scientific method
It is very slow
Is open publication good
Yes
What is the naturalistic method
Observing in a natural encironment
What is the correlational method
See if there is a correlation between two or more variables, on a SCALE of -1-1
What is the correlational if it’s a 0
no correlation
What is the epidemiological method
Track the rates in a popluation over TIME or through different POPULATIONS
What is the case study method
Study on individual in great deapth
When do you do a case study
Rare DISORDERS or something NEW
What is the kinship study
map out RELATIVE roles of HERDITY and ENVIROMENT
What do kinship studies reley on
ADOPTIONS, FAMILIES, and TWIN studies
What is the experiment method
When you manipulate an INDEPENDENT variable to determine its effect on the DEPENDENT variable
Can you infer causality with the experimenatl method?
Yes
Is there control in an experimental method
Yes
What should you look out for in the control group
Placebo effects
What in internal validity
Does the mainpulation cause the chages
What is external calidity
Can the results be generalized or was there to much control of the enviromentW
What is construct validity
Do the theorectical constructs really account for the results, is the drug WORKING how you expect it to
