Mono And Disaccharides Flashcards
What do all carbohydrates contain
The elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the chemical elements that lipids contain
C, H, O
What chemical elements do proteins contain
C, H, O, N-nitrogen, S-sulfur
What chemical elements do nucleic acids contains
C, H, O, N, P-phosphorus
What are the two forms of glucose
Beta glucose and alpha glucose
What does alpha glucose look like
DRAW IT
What does Beta glucose look like
DRAW IT
What is the first feature of monosaccharides and why
They are soluble in water because they have a large number of OH groups. So they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and as a result are soluble in water.
What are hydrophilic molecules
They are molecules that can dissolve in water
What is the second feature of monosaccharides
They are sweet tasting sugars
What defines a hexose monosaccharide
They have 6 carbon atoms
What is a pen tone monosaccharide
They have 5 carbon atoms
What is the structure of ribose
DRAW IT
What is the structure of deoxyribose
What are two other hexose monosaccharides
Fructose and galactose
What are disaccharides
Two monosaccharides can react together to form a disaccharide.
What disaccharide is formed when two alpha glucose molecules react together
Maltose
What is the structure of maltose
DRAW IT
What type of reaction is it between two alpha glucose molecules
It is called a condensation reaction as water is also produced
What bond is present in maltose
A 1-4 glycosidic bond is present.
how do you break a glycosidic bond
You can break a disaccharide bond by adding water this is called a hydrolysis reaction and is normally carried out by enzymes in the cell.
What are two other disaccharides
Lactose and sucrose
What is lactose made from
A glucose and galactose
What is sucrose made from
A glucose and B fructose
What happens after a hydrolysis reaction occurs to a disaccharide
The two original monosaccharides are produced.
What is a glycosidic bond
The new chemical bond that forms between monosaccharides
What type of sugar is sucrose
Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar so will yield a negative Benedict’s test result.
How can you make sucrose yield a positive Benedict’s test result
If you add hydrochloric acid the water hydrolyses the glycosidic bond producing two monosaccharides that have a positive test result.
