ATP Flashcards
What are the two main long term energy storage molecules
Glucose and triglycerides
How is the energy that glucose stores released
It is released through respiration
What is a problem with glucose and how much energy it releases
It contains a lot of stored energy which is much greater than the energy that would be required by any single process in the cell
What is ATP
It stands for adenosine triphosphate
What is the structure of ATP
ATP consists of 3 phosphate groups that are bonded to ribose which is bonded to adenine.
What is the adenosine part of ATP
The base adenine bonded to ribose which
What is the tri-phosphate part of ATP
The three phosphate groups
What is ATP (in terms of biological molecules)
A nucleotide
What is a property of the covalent bond between the last phosphate groups and second last phosphate group
Only a small amount of energy is required to break the covalent bond that holds the last phosphate groups in place. However, when this covalent bond is broken, lots of energy is released.
What type of reaction is this breaking of the bond
It is a hydrolysis reaction as it requires a water molecule to break the bond
What is the equation of the hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + water —> ADP + Pi + energy
What does ADP and Pi stand fro
Adenosine di phosphate and inorganic phosphorus
Is ATP a short term or long term energy store and why
It is not a long term energy store like glycogen and triglycerides as the phosphate bonds are unstable. Therefore it is an immediate source of energy
Where is energy transferred from
The sites of respiration to the parts of the cell that require energy
What happens to the ADP and Pi and where does it happen
They are recycled back to ATP and this takes place during respiration in animal cells and in respiration and photosynthesis in plant cells.
