Monera

Question 1

Capsule

Answer 1

Prevent water loss

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

Protects the cell.

Question 3

Flagellum

Answer 3

Allows the cell to move

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Controls what passes in and out of cell

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Genes that controls the cell

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

Contains genes for antibiotic resistance.

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

Makes protein

Question 8

Types of bacteria

Answer 8

Rod, Round, Spiral

Question 9

Rod example

Answer 9

TB, tetanus, typhoid

Question 10

Round example

Answer 10

Pneumonia, sore throat, food poisoning.

Question 11

Spiral example

Answer 11

Syphilis, Cholera

Question 12

Reproduction method

Answer 12

Asexual, binary fission

Question 13

Binary fission

Answer 13

DNA replicates/ move to end different poles/ cell elongates/ cell splits/ 2 new cells are formed.

Question 14

Endospores

Answer 14

DNA replicates/ move to end of cell/water loss of cell/ thick wall forms/inside original cell/ encloses DNA/ cell rounds up.

Question 15

Autotrophic

Answer 15

Organism that makes its own food.

Question 16

Heterotrophic

Answer 16

Organism that takes in food.

Question 17

Autotrophic: Photosynthetic

Answer 17

Make food using light energy eg. Purple sulfur bacteria.

Question 18

Autotrophic: Chemosynthetic

Answer 18

Make food by converting chemicals eg nitrifying bacteria

Question 19

Heterotrophic: Saprophytic

Answer 19

Feed on dead matter. Eg bacteria of decay.

Question 20

Heterotrophic : Parasitic

Answer 20

Take food from live host with harm.eg pneumonia.

Question 21

Obligate aerobes

Answer 21

Must have oxygen for respiration

Question 22

Facultative aerobes

Answer 22

Can respire with or without oxygen.

Question 23

Lag phase

Answer 23

Numbers: do not change.
Reason: Bacteria making the correct enzymes to digest the substrate they are on.

Question 24

Log phase

Answer 24

Numbers: increase rapidly.
Reason: growth conditions are ideal.

Question 25

Stationary phase

Answer 25

Numbers: Does not change.
Reason: growth conditions not ideal. Short of food, water, space.

Question 26

Decline phase

Answer 26

Numbers: fall rapidly
Reason: growth conditions not ideal.

Question 27

Survival

Answer 27

Number: small number
Reason: bacteria are dormant as spores.

Question 28

Products bacteria produce

Answer 28

Yoghurt, cheese, sweeteners

Question 29

Batch processing

Answer 29

Organisms go through all the phases of the growth curve/bioreactor emptied at the end.

Question 30

Continuous processing

Answer 30

Organisms maintained at one growth phase/nutrients constantly added/ products constantly removed.

Question 31

Beneficial bacteria

Answer 31

Make yoghurt and cheese. Make enzymes and hormones.

Question 32

Harmful bacteria

Answer 32

Causes food to decay/ causes deseases.

Question 33

Antibiotics

Answer 33

Chemicals produced by microorganisms that kill bacteria.

Question 34

Why antibiotic resistance

Answer 34

Overuse/ mutation